PowerPoint PresentationObjectives for Chapter 1What Drives Our Food Choices?Slide 4What Is Nutrition and Why Is Good Nutrition So Important?Slide 6What Are the Essential Nutrients and Why Do You Need Them?Nutrients in Foods and in the BodyNutrients and Their FunctionsWhat Are the Essential Nutrients and Why Do You Need Them?What Are the Essential Nutrients and Why Do You Need Them?Slide 12Slide 13How Should You Get These Important Nutrients?Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17How Does the Average American Diet Stack Up?Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22What’s the Real Deal When It Comes to Nutrition Research and Advice?Evaluating Media Headlines with a Critical EyeSteps of the Scientific MethodA Hypothesis Can Lead to a Scientific ConsensusResearch Studies and Experiments Confirm HypothesesSlide 28Controlled ExperimentsYou Can Trust the Advice of Nutrition ExpertsWhat Is Nutritional Genomics?You Can Obtain Accurate Nutrition Information on the InternetSlide 33Nutrition in the Real World: Quackwatchers© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.Chapter 1What Is Nutrition?© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.Nutrition and You, 2eObjectives for Chapter 1Discuss the factors that influence food choice.Define the term nutrition.Describe how nutrition affects your health.Name and explain the six categories of nutrients found in food and in the body.Differentiate between the three energy nutrients: carbohydrate, protein, and fat.Calculate the calorie content of a food based on the grams of carbohydrate, protein, and fat.Understand the important roles that vitamins, minerals, and water play in your diet.Understand the scientific method that is involved in nutrition research.Identify sources of accurate nutrition information.Discuss the current nutritional state of the American diet.© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.Nutrition and You, 2eWhat Drives Our Food Choices?We need to eat and drink to obtain:Nutrients: chemical compounds in foods to provide fuel for energy (measured in kilocalories), growth, maintenance and to regulate body processesSix classes: carbohydrates, fats, protein, vitamins, minerals, waterPhytochemicals: nonnutrient compounds that contribute to health and may play a role in fighting chronic diseases© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.Nutrition and You, 2eWhat Drives Our Food Choices?We choose foods for many other reasons beyond the basic need to obtain nutrients:Taste and cultureSocial reasons and trendsCost, time, and convenienceHabits and emotions© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.Nutrition and You, 2eWhat Is Nutrition and Why Is Good Nutrition So Important?Nutrition: a science that studies how nutrients and compounds in foods nourish and affect body functions and healthChronic deficiencies, excesses, and imbalances of nutrients can affect health, both short-term and long-termGood nutrition plays a role in reducing the risk of many chronic diseases and conditions, including heart disease, cancer, stroke, diabetes, osteoporosis, high blood pressure, and obesity© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.Nutrition and You, 2eTable 1.1© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.Nutrition and You, 2eWhat Are the Essential Nutrients and Why Do You Need Them?The six classes of nutrients are all essential in the dietAlcohol provides calories but is not an essential nutrientMacronutrients: energy-yielding nutrients needed in higher amountsCarbohydrates, lipids (fats), and proteinsMicronutrients: needed in smaller amountsVitamins and mineralsCopious amounts of water needed daily© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.Nutrition and You, 2eNutrients in Foods and in the BodyFigure 1.2© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.Nutrition and You, 2eNutrients and Their FunctionsFigure 1.3© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.Nutrition and You, 2eWhat Are the Essential Nutrients and Why Do You Need Them?Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins Provide energyCarbohydrates and protein provide 4 kcal/gFats provide 9 kcal/gAre organic compounds (contain carbon atoms)Also contain hydrogen and oxygen atomsProteins also contain nitrogen atoms (unlike carbohydrates and fats)© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.Nutrition and You, 2eWhat Are the Essential Nutrients and Why Do You Need Them?Carbohydrates supply glucose, a major energy sourceFats are another major fuel source and also:Cushion organsInsulate body to maintain body temperatureProteins can provide energy but better suited for:Growth and maintenance of muscle, tissues, organsMaking hormones, enzymes, healthy immune system Transporting other nutrients© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.Nutrition and You, 2eWhat Are the Essential Nutrients and Why Do You Need Them?Vitamins and minerals are essential for metabolismMany assist enzymes in speeding up chemical reactions in the bodyExample: B vitamins are coenzymes in carbohydrate and fat metabolismVitamins are organic compoundsMinerals are inorganic substancesKey roles in body processes and structures© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.Nutrition and You, 2eWhat Are the Essential Nutrients and Why Do You Need Them?Water is vital for many processes in your bodyPart of fluid medium inside and outside of cellsHelps chemical reactions, such as those involved in energy productionKey role in transporting nutrients and oxygen to cells and removing waste productsLubricant for joints, eyes, mouth, intestinal tractProtective cushion for organs© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.Nutrition and You, 2eHow Should You Get These Important Nutrients?The best way to meet your nutrient needs is with a well-balanced dietComposed of a variety of foods, providing:Essential nutrients from all six classesFiber and phytochemicalsWhole grains, fruits, and vegetables are rich sources© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.Nutrition and You, 2eHow Should You Get These Important Nutrients?You can meet some nutrient needs with a supplementWhen nutrient needs are higherExample: Pregnant women need an iron supplement to meet increased needsWhen diet restrictions existExample: Lactose-intolerant individuals (difficulty digesting milk products) may choose a calcium supplement to help meet needsWell-balanced diet and supplements are not mutually exclusive; they can be partnered for good health© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.Nutrition and You, 2eCalorie Count: Eat by the Numbers© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.Nutrition and You, 2eDiscussion QuestionsHow does a