Chapter 1 What Is Nutrition 2012 Pearson Education Inc Objectives for Chapter 1 Discuss the factors that influence food choice Define the term nutrition Describe how nutrition affects your health Name and explain the six categories of nutrients found in food and in the body Differentiate between the three energy nutrients carbohydrate protein and fat Calculate the calorie content of a food based on the grams of carbohydrate protein and fat Understand the important roles that vitamins minerals and water play in your diet Understand the scientific method that is involved in nutrition research Identify sources of accurate nutrition information Discuss the current nutritional state of the American diet Nutrition and You 2e 2012 Pearson Education Inc What Drives Our Food Choices We need to eat and drink to obtain Nutrients chemical compounds in foods to provide fuel for energy measured in kilocalories growth maintenance and to regulate body processes Six classes carbohydrates fats protein vitamins minerals water Phytochemicals nonnutrient compounds that contribute to health and may play a role in fighting chronic diseases Nutrition and You 2e 2012 Pearson Education Inc What Drives Our Food Choices We choose foods for many other reasons beyond the basic need to obtain nutrients Taste and culture Social reasons and trends Cost time and convenience Habits and emotions Nutrition and You 2e 2012 Pearson Education Inc What Is Nutrition and Why Is Good Nutrition So Important Nutrition a science that studies how nutrients and compounds in foods nourish and affect body functions and health Chronic deficiencies excesses and imbalances of nutrients can affect health both short term and long term Good nutrition plays a role in reducing the risk of many chronic diseases and conditions including heart disease cancer stroke diabetes osteoporosis high blood pressure and obesity Nutrition and You 2e 2012 Pearson Education Inc Table 1 1 Nutrition and You 2e 2012 Pearson Education Inc What Are the Essential Nutrients and Why Do You Need Them The six classes of nutrients are all essential in the diet Alcohol provides calories but is not an essential nutrient Macronutrients energy yielding nutrients needed in higher amounts Carbohydrates lipids fats and proteins Micronutrients needed in smaller amounts Vitamins and minerals Copious amounts of water needed daily Nutrition and You 2e 2012 Pearson Education Inc Nutrients in Foods and in the Body Figure 1 2 Nutrition and You 2e 2012 Pearson Education Inc Nutrients and Their Functions Figure 1 3 Nutrition and You 2e 2012 Pearson Education Inc What Are the Essential Nutrients and Why Do You Need Them Carbohydrates fats and proteins Provide energy Carbohydrates and protein provide 4 kcal g Fats provide 9 kcal g Are organic compounds contain carbon atoms Also contain hydrogen and oxygen atoms Proteins also contain nitrogen atoms unlike carbohydrates and fats Nutrition and You 2e 2012 Pearson Education Inc What Are the Essential Nutrients and Why Do You Need Them Carbohydrates supply glucose a major energy source Fats are another major fuel source and also Cushion organs Insulate body to maintain body temperature Proteins can provide energy but better suited for Growth and maintenance of muscle tissues organs Making hormones enzymes healthy immune system Transporting other nutrients Nutrition and You 2e 2012 Pearson Education Inc What Are the Essential Nutrients and Why Do You Need Them Vitamins and minerals are essential for metabolism Many assist enzymes in speeding up chemical reactions in the body Example B vitamins are coenzymes in carbohydrate and fat metabolism Vitamins are organic compounds Minerals are inorganic substances Key roles in body processes and structures Nutrition and You 2e 2012 Pearson Education Inc What Are the Essential Nutrients and Why Do You Need Them Water is vital for many processes in your body Part of fluid medium inside and outside of cells Helps chemical reactions such as those involved in energy production Key role in transporting nutrients and oxygen to cells and removing waste products Lubricant for joints eyes mouth intestinal tract Protective cushion for organs Nutrition and You 2e 2012 Pearson Education Inc How Should You Get These Important Nutrients The best way to meet your nutrient needs is with a well balanced diet Composed of a variety of foods providing Essential nutrients from all six classes Fiber and phytochemicals Whole grains fruits and vegetables are rich sources Nutrition and You 2e 2012 Pearson Education Inc How Should You Get These Important Nutrients You can meet some nutrient needs with a supplement When nutrient needs are higher Example Pregnant women need an iron supplement to meet increased needs When diet restrictions exist Example Lactose intolerant individuals difficulty digesting milk products may choose a calcium supplement to help meet needs Well balanced diet and supplements are not mutually exclusive they can be partnered for good health Nutrition and You 2e 2012 Pearson Education Inc Calorie Count Eat by the Numbers Nutrition and You 2e 2012 Pearson Education Inc Calorie Count Eat by the Numbers Discussion Questions How does a restaurant providing the calorie count of food items help you as a consumer make better choices about the food you eat What are some of the most high calorie foods available today at popular restaurants and dining chains Do you think the government is going too far by requiring restaurants to provide the calorie counts of their food and proposing taxes on sugar and other restrictions on fast food restaurants Nutrition and You 2e 2012 Pearson Education Inc How Does the Average American Diet Stack Up Average American diet is high in Sodium Saturated fat Calories Average American diet is low in Vitamin E Calcium Fiber Nutrition and You 2e 2012 Pearson Education Inc How Does the Average American Diet Stack Up Incidence of overweight and obesity is on the rise 65 percent of American adults and 15 percent of children ages 6 to 19 are overweight Take in more calories than needed Burn fewer calories due to sedentary lifestyles Resulting in increased rate of type 2 diabetes especially children heart disease cancer and stroke Nutrition and You 2e 2012 Pearson Education Inc How Does the Average American Diet Stack Up Figure 1 4 Nutrition and You 2e 2012 Pearson Education Inc How Does the Average American Diet Stack Up Improving Americans diets is one goal of Healthy People 2020