THEA 103 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 12Lecture 1 Overview of syllabus-not testedLecture 2 (January 14) Types of Hammers:-Ballpeen hammer (harder head for shaping metal, small head)-Claw hammer (your typical hammer. can rip out nails with claw)-Tack hammer (small, for tiny tacks and detail work)-Rubber mallet (soft rubber head to disperse force over larger surface area)-Dead blow (head filled with metal shot, adding momentum)-Sledge hammer (big, destructive)Levels and Measuring:-Framing square (L-shaped, versatile for measuring 90 degree angles)-Level (has air bubble to let you know if something is level or plumb)-Speed square (portable metal triangle for measuring degrees, has flange for easy measuring)-Combination square (adjustable, contains level)-Measuring tape (flexible, portable, measures inches and feet)-Whiskey stick (wooden, easy to make, for making measurements on either side of a material. shaped like tuning fork)Wrenches:-Moncky wrench (adjustable, not often used today)-Crescent wrench (adjustable jaw, open ended wrench)-Open ended wrench (non adjustable, fits specific sized hardware_-Closed socket wrench (closed head)-Combination wrench (one side closed, one open)-Ratcheting socket wrench (socket used with ratcheting technology)Pliers, cutters, screw drivers:-Vice grip (has adjustable locking mechanism)-Channel lock (like regular pliers, except can be widened using groove and lock mechanism)-Needle-nosed pliers (for smaller jobs, narrow point)-Wire cutters (can be spring loaded, sometimes found on pliers)-End nipps or nippers (Kind of like scissors, look like crab claw)-Bowl cutters/cable cutters (used to cut cables)-Flat head screw driver (used for slotted head screws)-Philip’s head (for screws with x-groove)Saws-Box cutter or mat knife (retractable)-hand saw (the bigger the tooth, the softer the material)-Keyhole saw (thin blade with sharp tip for piercing material)Lecture 3 (January 21):Materials to know:- Plywood- Softwood- Hardwood- Oriented strand board- High density flier board- Low density flier board- IFR flame retardant - Masonite- Hamasote- Styrofoam- Pool noodle or ethalbronide- PlexiglassLecture 4 (January 26):- Ancient Greek Theatre- 6th century BC through 4th century BC. Theatre was performed at festivals- Orchestra-“dancing place” for chorus- Theatron-where the audience sat-as many as 4,000. Built on hillside for sightlines and acoustics.- Skene Originally temporary structures as a place for actors to- change masks/costumes-perhaps similar to soft-cover flats, probably painted or decorated, probably not representational 4th century BC-Hellenistic era-Skene became permanent. Raised stage with porchlike collonade in front called proskenion. Behind stage was episkenion with separated openings-maybe used for interior scenes. Skene encroached on orchestra circle.- Alexander the Great (356-323 BC) conquered Asia Minor and Italy-Greek style theatres were built in these areas during this time.- Stage machines in Greek theatre:- Ekklykema-rolling wagon maybe rolled through central door in skene.- Mechane-crane to suspend actors in front of skene. “Deus Ex Machina” God in the machine, used to fly Gods in. - Periaktoi-traingular structures mounted on a pivot. Three sides-each side could be decorated in different fashion. Probably not used before Hellenistic period. Still used sometime today.- Most Greek theatres were later renovated by Romans, therefore today have semi-circular orchestras, not the original Greek circular ones.- Golden age of Athens included: Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripedes, Aristophanes as playwrights.- II. Roman Theatre- Roman culture was largely adopted from the Greeks, but theatre was not as big of a dealin Rome. In Rome, theatre was politics. Those running for office would stage elaborate theatre.- Roman theatre performances were part of larger festivals involving sports, bloodsports, spectacles, etc.- Temporary stages. First permanent theatre built 55 BC-Theatre of Pompey-built at a timewhen the Republic was to become the Empire. - Little is known about scenery until 1st century BC, when there is record of realistic scenepainting. Temporary stages probably had static backgounds.- Permanent theatres: Similar to Greek theatres but the stage and audience were enclosed in an entire buiding rather than built on hillsides. First permanent theatre the Theatre of Pompeii at the time of 1st triumvirate. - Skene became Scanae frons.- Orchestra became half circle-often used for VIP seating, gladiators, or water spectacle.- Audience entrance to theatre through passage under the seats called vomitorium.- Roof over stage, front curtain used. - According to Vitruvius-periaktoi used with three scenes. - Tragedy (scenes of noble houses), Comedy (scenes set around common man), Satyrical plays (set in pastoral or farmland settings).- Amphitheatres-like two theatres joined. Had elaborate stage machinery-- Elevators and ramps under stage allowing settings to appear and disappear. Also used forgladiators and wild animals to appear. - Cranes used to fly performers overhead. Flooded for mock naval battles. Pyrotechnics were used. There is no evidence these effects were ever used for theatrical performances.- Fall of Rome-476. Theatre at first tolerated in Christian era, then banned. No formal theatre for about 500 years after that. Lecture 5 (January 28):- Medieval Theatreo Early medieval period-individual or small bands of outcast performers, storytellers, tumblers, etc. o By 10th century-rise of liturgical drama-clergymen dramatize bible stories and convey church doctrine. World WAS the church. Areas in the church were used to represent symbolic locations and small scenic structures called Mansions were also built to symbolize places in the drama. By the 14th century, the dramas moved out of the church and were presented during religious festivals.  As they moved outdoors (because they were running out of room), dialogue replaced chanting, the vernacular languages replaced Latin, and non-clergy performed.  Temporary stages were setup both as fixed platform stages and as pageant wagons, which traveled through the streets of the town to perform a play or part of a cycle. Platform stages were set up in the town square and consisted of several mansions and a platea or common playing area.o Existing technologies used in warfare and building were used for flying scenery and performers. Pyrotechnics and lighting effects