THEA 103 1st EDITION Lecture 2Outline of Last Lecture I. Required books and materialsII. Course ObjectivesIII. AttendanceIV. Class ProceduresV. Class PoliciesVI. Performance CritiquesVII. Shop Dress CodeVIII. GradingOutline of Current LectureI. Types of hammersII. Levels, measuringIII. WrenchesIV. Pliers, cutters, and screw driversV. SawsCurrent LectureII. Types of hammersa. Ballpeen hammer: Has much harder head, for shaping metal. Small surface area for lots of force on one spot.b. Claw hammer: Most common hammer, standard. Typical hammer. Metal head for striking a nail, or really anything. Curved claw for ripping nails back out of the wood. Never hammer towards your fingers. You can use the claw to place the nail initially into the wood.c. Tack hammer: Much smaller hammer, usually used for detail work on finishing projects. Small nails and tacks with very small heads can be used with this.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.d. Rubber mallet: Hammer with soft rubber head that is very large (large surface area, to disperse force over a larger area.) Used in shop for nudging things like flooring into place. e. Dead blow: Head is filled with a “metal shot” which gives the hammer extra force on each impact and very little recoil. When you swing the hammer, the metal shot swings with your swing, adding momentum, also helping the hammer stay in contactwith the object upon impact. This means more force with less effort. Also, has a big soft head that won’t damage your project.f. Sledge hammer: Big, destructive, used to break things up.III. Levels, measuringa. Framing square: L-shaped, very versatile. 24 X 16 inches usually. Made of metal. Most accurate square, because it has a fixed angle. Used to make 90 degree angles.b. Level: Spirit or bubble level has little bubble of air in liquid. Bubble lines up with calibration marks, letting you know if surface is “level” or “plumb.”c. Speed square: Metal triangle containing both 90 degree and 45 degree angles. Has flange on one side so you can hold it square against an edge of material.d. Combination square: Adjustable. Can do 90 and 45 degree angles, also can loosen a knob and slide the square’s head along the ruler, and tighten it at a different location on the rule. This allows you to transfer measurements from one place to another. Also contains a level.e. Measuring tape: Flexible, portable. Easy to read. Marked with both inches and feet. Never put fingers along the measurer when it is retracting, could cut you.f. Whiskey stick: Quick useful tool, easy to make out of wood. Looks like a tuning fork. You can use to make sure measurements on either side of a material are at the same length.IV. Wrenchesa. Moncky wrench (pipe wrench, plumbers wrench): adjustable wrench, used for pipes,not often used today.b. Crescent wrench (adjustable wrench): Open ended wrench with one fixed jaw and one adjustable jaw. Allows you to grasp any sized nut or piece.c. open-ended wrench: Non-adjustable. Fits a specific sized hardware. Has an end openat 30 degree angle to handle which allows for greater range of motion.d. closed socket wrench:wrench that is closede. combination wrench: has both open and closed endsf. ratcheting socket wrench: sockets work with ratcheting technology that allows you toloosen or tighten the bolt or nut quicklyV. Pliers, cutters, screw driversa. Vice grip: have adjustable locking mechanism. If you are trying to loosen or tighten hardware where you will be using two tools, one to hold something in place and one to do the bulk of the work, vise grips lock their grip and hold it tightly for you, freeing up your other hand. Come in a variety of sizes and shapes.b. channel lock: like regular pliers, except can be widened using groove and lock mechanismc. needle-nosed pliers: good for smaller jobs. Gripping end is not flat but comes to a small narrow point. Good for holding small objects with precision. d. wire cutters: used to cut wires, spring loaded sometimes, often found on pliers.e. end nips (nippers):Kind of like scissors, can be used to cut small pieces of hard material, especially the ends of staples or screws. Kind of looks like a crab claw.f. bowl cutters / cable cutters: used to cut cables, a little larger than wire cutters.g. flat head screw driver: used for slotted-head screws.h. phillip’s head screw driver: used for screws with an X groove on top.VI.a. box cutter (mat knife): or utility knife. Has retractable and replaceable blade.b. hand saw and wood saw: 2 kinds, one used for cross-cutting and one used for rippingwood. Difference is in the teeth. The bigger the tooth, the softer the material. c. Keyhole saw:very thin blade used to cut different holes in material. Has sharpened tip for piercing