Reli 104 1st Edition Lecture 7 Outline of Last Lecture I The manuscripts of the New Testament II Textual History of Mark s Gospel III The ending of the Gospel IV Theories behind the motifs Outline of Current Lecture II Who s zoomin who The literary relations of the Gospels III Who gets to go first Arguments for the Markan Priority IV What a Q V M and L brining up the rear VI Summary The four source hypothesis VII Who cares Current Lecture I Who s Zoomin Who The Literary relations of the gospels These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute II If they were all the same it would seem as if one was copying the other someone is copying someone Called synoptic gospels b c they are so similar that they can be seen together synoptic seen together o Tell many of the same stories often in the same sequence and sometimes even in the same words o Similarities show that someone is copying somebody o Differences show that they are changing what they copy either by adding things taking away things or by altering things o The synoptic problem is the problem of how to explain the similarities and differences between Matthew mark and Luke technical term Not the problem that there is a problem with the synoptic hard to understand and hard to know what they said o Scholars think that there is a literary relationship among the three Who is zoomin who who is borrowing from whom First question maybe all three are copying some known source dependent on a gospel that no longer exist do you need to invent a non existent gospel as a solution What scholars tend to think Mark was the first gospel and Matthew and Luke got many stories from mark Markan Priority why we studied mark first shortest of the three and think it was used by Matthew and Luke Why do they think that Who gets to go first Arguments for Markan Priority Patterns of agreement in the three triple tradition o When you have a story found in all three gospels o Example Story of the Rich Young Ruler Matt 19 16 30 Mark 10 17 22 Luke 18 18 30 Patterns of agreement that show Mathew and Luke were copying Mark Some words found in Mark and Matthew not in Luke some found in Mark and Luke but not in Matthew Matthew and Luke and no words in common that are not found in Mark rarely do Sequence of the stories in the two double tradition o Double tradition story found in Matthew and Luke not found in Mark Almost all of that consists of sayings of Jesus Example The Lords prayer found in Matthew and Luke but no Mark what s interesting is the sequence of the stories Tempation story small story in Mark fuller story in Matthew and Luke In Matthews sequence first temptation is that he has been fasting for forty days and Satan comes to him and says turn these stones into bread feed your self Jesus reply s to him a man does not live by bread alone but by every word that precedes from the mouth of god Jesus is refusing to do a miracle to that will benefit himself Luke has that temptation very much in the same words Second temptation devil takes him to Jerusalem and puts him on highest point of the temple and tells him to jump off Being tempted to prove he is the messiah by doing a miracle Third temptationdevil takes jesus on high mountain and shows him all the kingdoms of the world and devil tells him he will give them all of the kingdoms if you Bowe down and worship him devil is in control of this world Jesus can be given all of the kingdoms of the earth temptation is according to Matthew Jesus is going to become king of the earth but first he has to be crucified temptation is you don t have to be tortured to death ill give them to you now Three temptations in Matthew and Luke but not in Mark Shows that Matthew and Luke got it from someone else Luke s second temptation is the third temptation in Matthew someone switched the order around Scholars have hypothesized that these stories come from a lost gospel called this source Quevela means source in German refer to it today is Q Whenever they have the same sequence of stories they are found in Mark But they have other materials mainly sayings that are found in Matthew and Luke but not found in Mark occur in a different order so that the only time that Matthew and Luke agree is stories found in Mark Mark must be the source for all of them Getting rid of the problems in the one o Sometimes Mark will say something that seems kind of strange and either Matthew or Mark will get rid of it or both get rid of it Change it so that it isn t a problem any more Suggests that Mark is the source and they are trying to get rid of problems found in Mark III What a Q Q was a written document probably written in greek Source available to both Matthew and Luke Appears to be long collection of the saying of Jesus No hard evidence that it had a passion narrative passion narrative is the story of Jesus suffering Some scholars conclude that it didn t have a passion narrative b c the only way we know what was in Q is if Matthew and Luke agree in a story not found in Mark o Objection is that it is impossible that there would be a gospel without an account of Jesus s death Gospel of Thomas is the collection of sayigns of Jesus without a passion of Jesus cant be Q because stuff in Q not in Thomas could be same type of Gospel as Thomas IV M and L bringing up the rear Matthew and Luke both have stories that don t come from Mark of Q so they each had their own separate sources M and L V Summary The four source hypothesis Synoptic gospels are based on four sources Mark Q L and M VI Who cares Suppose mark is the source of Matthew why didn t Matthew simply copy Mark Why did he add things take away things and alter things Because he wanted to improve Mark o He had his own story to tell This matters b c if you see how Matthew changed Mark you can see what his main interests are by seeing how he changed his source called redaction criticism