CHEM 3410 1st Edition Lecture 8Outline of CurrentI. Reactions of BenzeneA. Friedel-Craft Alkylationi. LimitationsB. Friedel-Craft AcylationOutline of Last LectureII. Synthesis of Conjugated DienesIII. Kinetic vs Thermodynamic ControlLecture 1I. Reactions of BenzeneA. Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of BenzeneYou will not need to know the mechanisms for Friedel-Crafts Acylation and Alkylation.Just remember that you will get an allylic carbocation during activation, and this carbocation may undergo hydride or methyl shifts to stabilize itself…so we will have major and minor products. The major product will be a direct result of these rearrangements, and the more stable allylic will be one most consumed by your benzene. Here is what I mean: These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.This is all you would see on the exam. Next, we have something a little more detailed to help you understand.i. Limitations of Friedel-Craft Alkylation (1) Multiple Alkylation are likely (highly probable)(2) Only Alkyl Halides are reactive with Benzene- The halide must be attached to a sp3 hybridized carbon. Vinyl and aryl halides are unreactive because the halides are attached to sp2 carbons. It must be the allylic version(3) AlCl3 works as a catalyst due to Lewis acid-base chemistry. Friedel-Craft alkylation cannot take place in the presence of basic functional groups.The point of using a Lewis acid as a catalyst is that it enables the reaction through acid-base chemistry.The point of a catalyst is that it can be regenerated as well. If your Lewis acid is attacking your base and forming a non-target complex, it cannot be regenerated and used throughout the reaction. (4) Carbocation Rearrangements WILL happenYou cannot make linear alkyl substitutes off benzene with this chemistry because rearrangements will occur.B. Friedel Craft AcylationMechanism will not be on exam, but you need to know what kind of products are formed.It will not rearrange because it is resonantly stabilized. We only get one product. It is ugly, but the ideais that, in a stressed situation, oxygen minimizes the stress by taking on a third bond.Disadvantage: Ketones are electron withdrawing. The product is less reactive than benzene, so we can get rid of the oxygen to from a linear! (You are responsible for these reactions on your exam)Then, you can brominate the product of the reduction with Br2, UV light, and/or peroxideThen, you can brominate the product of the reduction with Br2, UV light, and/or peroxideThen, you can do all kinds of fun stuff:Side note:He said this would not be on the exam, but he may include it as extra credit. Nitrobenzene can be reduced to