210 test spring 2009 1 Ectoderm is a a neurotrophic factor b secreted during long nights by the pineal 2 Adenosine is secreted by glia and it a signals the amount of body fat b increases sleepiness c a pituitary hormone d a cell layer in the embryo c stops the regrowth of damaged axons d helps to set the SCN 3 Which of the following is not found in both sexes a SRY gene c gonads b FSH and LH d all of the above 4 The m llerian ducts are a the ovaries before they develop b the female external genitalia c the female internal genitalia d the precursor of the gonads during development 5 Which of the following brain areas was once thought to be the hunger center and now is thought to have a much broader role a mPOA c SCN b lateral hypothalamus d pituitary 6 Which of the following is not characteristic of the absorptive phase a high glucose c low glucagon b hunger d high insulin 7 A nucleus is a a set of axons clustered together c a hormone secreting gland b neurons that proliferate at the same time d a set of neurons in close proximity 8 A lack of orexin containing neurons results in a apoptosis c fewer NMDA synapses b narcolepsy d lordosis 9 When is myelination complete in humans a never it continues into old age c during adolescence b during the first year of life d during middle age the 40 s 10 If a neuron picks up a neurotrophic factor the neuron a does not undergo apoptosis c grows a new axon b produces a growth cone d dies 11 According to the book a rhythm that is less than one day is called a a zeitgaber c infradian b circadian d circannual 12 The Y chromosome has two genes that are important for male sexual development One the SRY gene causes the gonads to become testes the other a grows the penis c stops m llerian duct development b leads to the development of the wolffian ducts d starts the secretion of hormones at puberty 13 A female rat has her ovaries removed at birth as an adult this rat will a have a cycle and perform female sexual behavior b show male mounting behavior if given T c show male mounting and ejaculation if given T d do lordosis if given E and P 14 XX humans with CAH congenital adrenal hyperplasia a have normal female external genitalia b become male except for their gonads c have external genitalia that are in between male and female d lack internal genitalia 15 Smelling good food leads to hunger because a less glycogen is broken down b insulin is secreted which drops blood glucose c glucagon is secreted which drops blood glucose d leptin levels drop 16 Which of the following arrangements of the sex chromosomes would be fatal in an embryo a YO c XXX b XO d XYY 17 Glucagon a is stored glucose b shunts glucose into cells c increase the storage of fat d converts glycogen into glucose 18 Following damage to an axon retrograde degeneration a always occurs c only occurs in the peripheral nervous system b only occurs in the CNS d occurs if the axon has no remaining synapses 19 If glutamate synapses fire together they become stronger by a increasing the number of AMPA receptors b decreasing the number of AMPA receptors c increasing the amount of glutamate released d decreasing the amount of inhibition on the neuron 20 In which part of the brain do some neurons continue proliferation in adults rats and humans a cerebral cortex c hippocampus b hypothalamus d cerebellum 21 During development testosterone a increases proliferation of neurons in the SDN b increases proliferation of neurons in the AVPV c decreases apoptosis in the SDN d increases apoptosis in the SDN 22 In a box in the book there is a description of a disease called fatal familial a aphagia c mutagenesis b hyperphagia d insomnia 23 Melatonin increases a during long nights b in bright sunlight c when you phase shift d with high E in the estrous cycle 24 The interstitial nuclei of the anterior hypothalamus 1 4 are found in a only human male homosexuals c rats of both sexes b humans of both sexes d only some primates 25 Why do people with spinal cord injury that results in their becoming paraplegic not recover a their axons regrow to the wrong place b axons cannot regrow in humans c axons cannot regrow in the CNS d axons cannot regrow after puberty 26 In which of the following structures is proliferation finished earliest a cerebral cortex c hippocampus b cerebellum d olfactory bulb 27 Which of the following is the most accurate classification of the testes a internal genitalia c external genitalia b gonads 28 Which of the following increases during human menopause a estrogen c testosterone b progesterone d FSH 29 Apoptosis occurs a only in stressful circumstances b only in the CNS c as a normal part of nervous system development d after sleep deprivation 30 If a male rat pup has the testes removed at birth as an adult the rat will a show male sexual behavior if given T b show female sexual behavior if given E and P c not be capable of sexual behavior regardless of hormones d a and b 31 What defines the zygote and cells from several subsequent cell divisions as unspecified a the sex is not yet developed b they have many cell divisions left before the are finished dividing c they have the capacity to turn into any type of cell in the body d they are not yet pruned 32 The female clitoris develops from the same tissue as the male a penis c scrotum b prostate d vas deferens 33 The pancreas secretes a glucose c glycogen b insulin d all of the above 34 If a male rat has a lesion in the mPOA his sexual behavior a becomes zero but can be restored with T b becomes zero but it cannot be restored c will become female if given E and P d a and c 35 What is needed for sperm formation in males a T c LH b FSH d a and b 36 Grow cones are seen during which stage of neuronal development a apoptosis c proliferation b migration d differentiation 37 How does hormonal birth control work in women a Synthetic E and P interfere with the secretion of E and P from the ovaries b E and P turn on the pituitary hormones c E and P turn off the pituitary hormones d High levels of E and P interfere with the fertility of the egg 38 In humans which of the following shows a decrease in size during adolescence a prefrontal cortex c hippocampus b hypothalamus d INAH3 39 If you are a monozygotic twin of a male homosexual what is the probability that you are also homosexual a 6 c 60 b 0 d 95 40 The vlPOA …