210 Spring 2007 1 What part of the human brain decreases in volume between 10 and 20 years of age a INAH3 c corpus callosum b cerebral cortex d ventromedial hypothalamus 2 What causes the ovary to secrete estrogen during the female cycle a low FSH c low luteinizing hormone LH b high FSH d high LH 3 If I told you that a particular group of rats group A had a larger size corpus callosum than group B you should assume that group A a has more myelination c a and b b has more axons d none of the above you don t know 4 Synapses are formed during a neural tube proliferation b the first 2 months post conception in humans c neuronal migration d differentiation of the neuron 5 An axon is damaged but its cell body was not Under what conditions does the axon regrow a if it is in the central nervous system b if it is in the peripheral nervous system c if it has axon branches that still make synapses d all of the above 6 Lesions in what part of the brain will result in a rat that has little motivation for anything a LH c SDN b AVPV d VMH 7 Fat cells in the body secrete a leptin b insulin c glucagons d FSH 8 Which of the following is a germ layer in the early embryo a filopodia c ectoderm b lamillipodia d Nogo 9 There is evidence that sex differences in the number of neurons in the rat cerebral cortex are caused by a hormones secreted around the time of birth b hormones secreted during puberty c hormones from the pituitary throughout life d the lack of use of neurons 10 Testosterone is one enzymatic step from being converted to a estrogen c progesterone b luteinizing hormone d FSH 11 Testosterone causes more apoptosis in the a lateral hypothalamus b arcuate nucleus c SDN d AVPV 12 It is well established that proliferation can occur after birth in all of the following areas except a cerebral cortex c hippocampus b olfactory bulb d cerebellum 13 A female rat has her ovaries removed at birth As an adult a she will show male sexual behavior if given T b she will show female sexual behavior is given E and P c a and b d neither a nor b 14 Male homosexuality a occurs in all mammals b only occurs in humans c is caused by too little T secreted during male development d none of the above 15 In axonal sprouting following neural injury what sprouts a dendrites in need of input b uninjured axons in the vicinity of injured axons c the injured axons d dendrites from surrounding neurons 16 Why do rats with lesions to the VMH increase their food intake a their satiety center has been damaged b the nigrostriatal pathway has been damaged c the pancreas is secreting too much insulin d glycogen is no longer able to be stored 17 In human males when is testosterone output the highest per unit weight a in the second trimester post conception b in the third trimester post conception c at puberty d between 20 and 25 years of age 18 After damage to an axon what inevitably happens a retrograde degeneration c axon sprouting b regrowth of the axon d anterograde degeneration 19 If a person with XY chromosomes has androgen receptors that do not work they will have a ovaries c a clitoris b a penis d Wolffian ducts 20 Lesions of the mPOA in female rats result in a no change in sexual behavior b the stopping of the estrous cycle and no sexual behavior is ever possible again c a loss of sexual behavior but the estrous cycle continues d the stopping of the cycle but sexual behavior occurs with E and P administration 21 In Sexually Dimorphic Nucleus nucleus refers to a a groups of axons traveling together b a pathway between one neural area to another c a group of neurons in close proximity of each other 22 In which of the following is there some consensus that there is a sex difference in both size and neuron number in humans a arcuate nucleus b lateral hypothalamus c interstitial nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus 3 d AVPV 23 The male penis comes from a the same tissue as the female clitoris b the same tissue as the female ovary c the Wolffian ducts d the Mullerian ducts 24 The SDN is in the a cerebral cortex b corpus callosum c mPOA d lateral hypothalamus 25 Which of the following is required for the formation of sperm a testosterone b FSH c testes d b and c e a b and c 26 Cells in the neural tube are destined to be the cells in the a spinal cord c nervous system b nervous system and the skin d pituitary and hypothalamus 27 According to the book testes determining factor a stops the ovary from making estrogen during development b increases the probability of a male having a homosexual orientation c stops the growth of the clitoris in XX individuals d is the protein product of the SRY gene 28 Which of the following does not naturally occur during neural development unless there is damage a migration b proliferation c apoptosis d withdrawal of axon collaterals e none of the above they all occur 29 Glucagon is a the stored form of glucose b a hormone secreted by the intestine to aid digestion c secreted into the bloodstream by fat cells d the pancreatic hormone that converts glycogen to glucose 30 Which of the following does not occur during menopause a high FSH c low estrogen b high LH d low progesterone 31 An adult human female has her ovaries removed Her sexual behavior a falls to near zero but can be restored with E and P b falls to near zero and cannot be restored c remains the same d increases in frequency and intensity 32 The human brain grows 4 times larger from birth to adulthood Most of this growth is due to a migration c blood capillary formation b proliferation d differentiation 33 Females who have CAH have a ovaries b testes c male Wolffian internal genitalia d a and b 34 Which of the following illustrates that differences in the size of a nucleus do not necessarily indicate differences in the number of neurons in the nucleus a SDN c INAH2 b INAH3 d AVPV 35 A neurotrophic factor a is picked up by a growing axon when it reaches its target b stops anterograde degeneration c increases the myelination of an axon d causes more neurons to proliferate 36 Which of the following is associated with metabolic hunger a high glycogen in the liver c the post absorptive phase of digestion b the absorptive phase of digestion d high leptin in the blood 37 If the whole neuron dies following damage to its axon it is called a apoptosis c retrograde degeneration b anterograde degeneration d axon sprouting 38 How long does myelination continue in …