I. MesopotamiaA. SodificationB. SalinizationII. PressureA. MigrationB. AgrarianC. SumerI. Soil Forming FactorsA. Parent MaterialB. ClimateC. BiotaD. TopographyE. TimeII. SoilIII. Parent MaterialA. DeterminesB. 2 ClassesIV. ClimateA. Effects soil formationV. BiotaA. Chemical WeatheringB. Organic MatterC. AggregationVI. TopographyVII. TimeVIII. The Nile RiverA. 10 Countries in basinESS 120 1st Edition Lecture 5Outline of Last Lecture I. MesopotamiaA. SodificationB. SalinizationII. PressureA. MigrationB. Agrarian C. SumerOutline of Current Lecture I. Soil Forming FactorsA. Parent MaterialB. ClimateC. BiotaD. TopographyE. TimeII. Soil III. Parent MaterialA. DeterminesB. 2 ClassesIV. ClimateA. Effects soil formationV. BiotaA. Chemical WeatheringB. Organic MatterC. AggregationVI. TopographyVII. TimeVIII. The Nile RiverA. 10 Countries in basinThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Current LectureAncient Egypt and Soil Forming FactorsSoil forming factors:1) parent material2) climate- distribution and effect of rainfall3) biota- plants that grow4) topography- where soil is (uplands)5) time- age of the soilSoil- combined effects of climate and biota, moderated by topography.Parent Material:1) Determines: 2) Texture3) FertilityTypes of clay minerals2 classes of PMS 1) residual2) transported6 sub classifications for transported materials.Climate:Affects soil formation 3 ways:1) Precipitation2) Temp3) Native vegetationBiota: Plants, animas, microorganismsImportant for many processes in soil formationChemical weathering: 1) organic acids2) carbonic acid3) oxidation-reductionOrganic Matter (OM) accumulations:1) Water holding2) nutrient holding3) Aggregation4) Polysaccharides- gelatinous materialsTopography:Affects amount of water soil “sees”Concept of “effective precipitation”Time:Works in concert with other factorsChronologically old soil may be developmentally young, arid soils, little developmentIdeal conditions: Minnesota- measureable rain/snowThe Nile River- worlds longest river, drains 10% of Africa***10 countries in Nile basin:1) Uganda2) Sudan3) Rwanda4) Burundi5) Egypt6) Ethiopia7) Eritrea8) Tanzania9) Kenya10)