Chapter 5: Somatic Symptom and related, Dissociative, and Factitious DisordersChapter 6: Mood DisordersChapter 7: Feeding and Eating DisordersChapter 8: Gender and Sexual DisordersTerms and ConceptsPSYC 281 Exam 2 Study guide 1Chapter 1- Define “abnormal” the way it is used in abnormal psychology.- Define theories of abnormality across the ages- What is psychoanalysis?o Define id, ego, and superego.o Discuss Freud’s three stages of psychosexual development.- How do psychoanalysts treat abnormal behavior?- How does the behavioral perspective explain the development of abnormal behavior?- What is classical and operant conditioning?o Define and give examples of unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, and conditioned response.- What is operant conditioning?o Understand positive and negative reinforcement and punishment and what each does to a behavior.- What is systematic desensitization and what is it used to treat?- What does social learning theory demonstrate?o What is vicarious conditioning?- What does the biological model assume regarding abnormal behavior and how it should be treated?- What are neurotransmitters and why are they important in psychology and psychiatry?- What does the viral infection model say about the causes of abnormal behavior?- How does the cognitive model explain abnormal behavior?- How would abnormal behavior be treated from a cognitive perspective?- What is the negative cognitive triad and how does it relate to depression?- How does the humanistic model explain abnormal behavior?- Define the following terms and understand their importance: client-centered therapy, genuineness, and unconditional positive regard. - How does the socio-cultural model differ from other models of abnormal behavior and treatment?- What is the diathesis-stress model and why is it important in the explanation of abnormal behavior?PSYC 281 Exam 2 Study guide 2Chapter 2- What is translational research and why is it important in psychology?- What are the four different levels research can be conducted on?- Distinguish between the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)- What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?- What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system?- What are the main functions of the brain stem, midbrain, forebrain, limbic system, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex?- How do neurons work? What do neurotransmitters do?- What are the different functions of the left hemisphere and the right hemisphere of the brain?- What are the four lobes of the brain and what generally do they do?- What is neuroimaging? What instruments are used in these studies?- What is the endocrine system?o What are hormones and how do they cause changes in the body?- Describe a case study. What are the strengths and weaknesses of this method?- Describe a single-case design. What are the strengths and weaknesses of this method?o What are the differences between a case study and a single-case design?- What is a correlational research design? Does correlation mean causation? Why or why not?- Distinguish between and give examples of negative correlations and positive correlations.- What is a controlled group design?- What is an independent variable?- What is a dependent variable?- What is internal validity? Why is it important?- What is external validity? Why is it important?- Distinguish between clinical and statistical significance.- What is a cross-sectional study design?- What is a longitudinal study design?- What is epidemiology?PSYC 281 Exam 2 Study guide 3Chapter 3- What is the purpose of clinical assessment and what information is gathered?- What is the sensitivity and specificity of an assessment instrument?- What are psychometric properties (e.g., reliability, validity)?- What is a clinical interview? How are unstructured and structured interviews different?- What is a personality test? What is the most well known personality test?- Define intelligence test and IQ. - What is the mean (and standard deviation) IQ score for all ages?- What are projective tests? - What is functional analysis? What are the three components?- What is biofeedback and how is it used in assessment and treatment?- What is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders? What is the most current edition used?- What is comorbidity and why is it important?- Describe dimensional and categorical approaches to diagnosis.- Understand potential problems with diagnosis, including self-fulfilling prophecy and stigma.Chapter 4- What is anxiety? o What time period is it oriented towards?o What are the three elements?- When does anxiety become abnormal?- What is a panic attack?- Define and distinguish between the two types of panic attacks.- What symptoms are required for a diagnosis of panic disorder?- What is the “fear of fear” model?- What are the symptoms of Agoraphobia?- What are the symptoms required for a diagnosis of Generalized Anxiety Disorder?- What are the symptoms of social anxiety disorder?- What are the symptoms of selective mutism?- What symptoms are required for a diagnosis of specific phobia?- What are the specifiers of specific phobias?- What is vasovagal syncope? What specifier of phobia does this response accompany?- What symptoms are required for a diagnosis of separation of anxiety disorder?- What are the symptoms of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder?- Distinguish between obsessions and compulsions- What are symptoms required for a diagnosis of Body Dysmorphic Disorder?- What are the symptoms of Hoarding Disorder?- How does hoarding disorder relate to OCD?- What are the symptoms of Trichotillomania?PSYC 281 Exam 2 Study guide 4- What are the symptoms of Excoriation?- What symptoms are required for a diagnosis of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder?- What is the proposed role of genetics in the development of anxiety disorders?- What section of the brain (and which structures) is thought to be important in the experience of anxiety?- What is the role of neurotransmitters like serotonin and GABA thought to be in anxiety disorders?- What is behavioral inhibition? How is it related to the development of anxiety?- Be able to explain behavioral and cognitive theories of fear acquisition.- What medications are most commonly used to treat anxiety disorders?- What does behavioral treatment for anxiety disorders involve?- How does cognitive therapy treat anxiety disorders?- What does research say about combining medication and