KIN 122 1st Edition Lecture 2 Physical activity health and fitness overview Objectives Develop an understanding of the broad concepts of health and wellness Be able to identify modifiable and non modifiable risk factors for disease Be able to differentiate between physical activity exercise and physical fitness Identify current physical activity levels and how they compare to national recommendations Understand how physical activity is measured Health NOT simply absence of sickness or disease Definitions Health is a state of complete physical mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity WHO 1948 Sufficient energy and vitality to accomplish daily tasks and active recreational pursuits without undue fatigue NEIMAN 1998 Health is a human condition with physical social and psychological dimensions each characterized on a continuum with positive and negative poles Positive health pertains to the capacity to enjoy life and to withstand challenges it is not merely the absence of disease Negative health pertains to morbidity and in the extreme with premature mortality BOUCHARD SHEPHARD 1994 Health Key Concepts 1 Not just absence of disease 2 multidimensional 3 Continuum Determinants of health 1 Genetic 2 Behavioral 3 Environmental physical and social These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Why is health important Economic reasons Healthcare costs Sick days Personal reasons Ability to perform activities of daily living Longevity Quality of life Leading causes of death 1 2 3 4 heart disease cancer Chronic lower respiratory diseases Stroke Between 1900 97 there was a major sift from infectious diseases to lifestyle and age related diseases as the leading causes of death Risk factors An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle an environmental exposure or an inborn inherited characteristic that is known to be associated with health related conditions When present long term can increase the probability of developing chronic diseases or the probability of premature death Can be non modifiable or modifiable Non modifiable those which are inherited cannot be changed E g age Modifiable those which are attributable to lifestyle choices can be changed or treated E g tobacco use Wellness State of optimal overall health Encompasses physical social and psychological well being Active lifelong process of making choices toward a more successful healthy existence Six components of wellness Physical Health Absence of disease and overall physical fitness Physical activity Healthy diet Safe sex practices Avoid harmful habits Regular check ups Emotional Health Emotional stability few highs lows Healthy coping with stress Positive attitude Self confidence Self acceptance Intellectual health Having an active mind being intellectually stimulated Critical thinking Curiosity and creativity Open to new ideas Lifelong learning Social health Development and maintenance of meaningful relationships Establish satisfying relationships Good communication skills Contribute to the community Make time for FUN Spiritual health Perception of having meaning and purpose in life Possess a set of guiding beliefs principles or values Capacity for love compassion forgiveness fulfillment etc Environmental health Safety at individual national and global levels Food safety Ultraviolet radiation Air and water pollution Secondhand smoke Physical activity Exercise Any bodily movement produced by contraction of the skeletal muscles that results in a substantial increase in energy expenditure above resting levels Leisure time PA Exercise sports recreation hobbies Lifestyle PA Occupational E g walking hauling lifting Transportation E g walking biking to work store school Household E g sweeping scrubbing raking A subset of physical activity Planned structured repetitive physical activity Specific objective to improve or maintain fitness physical performance or health SO all exercise is physical activity but not all physical activity is exercise Fitness A characteristic of a person NOT a behavior A desired outcome of physical activity behavior Fit people have the stamina to perform daily activities with energy and vigor Capacity associated with low risk for chronic disease Genetics and behavior determine one s fitness level Two aspects to fitness Health related fitness Focused on areas that relate to our overall health status and our ability to perform daily tasks and activities Components Cardiorespiratory fitness Musculoskeletal fitness Body composition Skill related fitness Ability to perform specific skills required to take part in various activities and sports Components Agility Balance Coordination Speed Power Quickness Benefits of physical activity Reduces risk of Premature death Chronic diseases Cardiovascular disease heart attack and stroke Type II diabetes High blood pressure Cancer Depression Enhances Physical functioning Muscle and bone health Weight management Psychological well being and mood Cognitive functioning Physical activity guidelines adults Cardio or aerobic activities For substantial health benefits 150 min week of moderate intensity PA i e brisk walking OR 75 min week of vigorous intensity PA i e jogging running OR equivalent combination of moderate and vigorous intensity PA Moderate 30 min 5 days week Vigorous 25 min 3 days week For additional more extensive health benefits Double those values Muscle strengthening activities Moderate or high intensity activities for all major muscle groups on 2 or more days week Some activity is always better than none Physical activity guidelines children and adolescents 60 min or more day Most PA should be moderate or vigorous intensity aerobic activity Should include vigorous intensity PA at least 3 days week Should include muscle bone strengthening activity on at least 3 days week PA guidelines older adults Same as for adults except If they cannot do 150 min because of chronic conditions should do as much as they can Focus on balance activities if at risk for falls Be aware of how chronic health conditions affect ability to do regular physical activity PA guidelines adults with disabilities Same as for adults except If they cannot do 150 min because of chronic conditions should engage in regular physical activity according to their abilities and avoid inactivity Health Behaviors of US Adults 2008 2010 50 did not meet PA guidelines