Chem 1061 7th Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Last Lecture I 1 5 Significant Figures II 2 5 Atomic Theory a Subatomic Particles b Isotope III 2 6 Periodic Table Outline of Current Lecture I 2 7 Introduction to Bonding a Ionic Compounds b Covalent Compounds c Polyatomic Ions II 2 8 Formulas Names and Masses Current Lecture 2 7 Introduction to Bonding I Ionic Compounds transfer of electrons between elements a Bonds happen between metals and nonmetals metal transfers electrons to nonmetals b Includes any compound containing polyatomic ions c Ions i Cation Ion with a positive charge ii Anion Ion with a negative charge d The strength of any Ionic Bond is based on Coulomb s Law i Energy x charge1 x charge2 distance e Predicting the number of electrons gained lost i EXAMPLE NaCl These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute II III 1 Na group 1 on the Periodic Table will lose one electron to result in Noble Gas configuration 2 Cl Group 7 on the Periodic Table will gain one electron to result in Noble Gas configuration ii SAMPLE PROBLEMS 1 What Ion is formed a Lithium i ANSWER Li b Oxygen i ANSWER O 2Covalent Compounds the sharing of electrons a Normally happen between nonmetal nonmetal b Nucleus of one atom attracts the electrons of the other element and vice versa Polyatomic Ions covalent bonds within an ion a List of polyatomic ions in Table 2 5 b Also there is a list on Moodle under Things to Know Before Exam 1 that lists the polyatomic ions you should memorize c Oxoanion element usually nonmetal that is covalently bonded to one or more oxygen atoms 2 8 Formulas Names and Masses How to put names to formulas and write masses IV Ionic a b c d Cation then anion Cation is the name of the metal Anion changes the ine ending to ide EXAMPLE CaBr2 Calcium Bromide NOTE Table 2 3 has common ions Metals are positively charged and nonmetals are negatively charged V VI e Some compounds have more than one Ion that can be formed Because of this you must specify which by either following it with Roman Numeral 2 or Roman Numeral 3 or by the trivial name which is the way you must use on an exam Acid Names a All acids contain HYDROGEN b All names are based on the anion name i They have an ide ending like Cl chloride c Add enough H to balance charge d Add prefix Hydro Hydrochloride e Change ide to ic Hydrochloric f Add Acid as a separate word Hydrochloric Acid Polyatomic a Uses prefixes for naming oxoanions found on Fig 2 18 b Change Ate to ic OR ite to ous c KEEP ANY PREFIXES
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