ZOL 141 1st Edition Lecture 4 Outline of Last Lecture I. DNA ReplicationII. Leading and Lagging Strand III. DNA replication enzymes: Helicase and DNA polymeraseIV. ChromosomesV. Organization of DNA in ChromosomesOutline of Current Lecture II. The CellIII. OrganellesIV. Problems with Organellesa. ExamplesCurrent LectureThe Cell- Basic Unit of structure and function in ALL organismso Humans=100 trillion cells- Cells differ in their size, shape, function and life cycleo Giant squid has 39 foot nerve cellso Ostrich egg yolk= 3 lbs, biggest cell- At structural level they are all similaro Cell has different substructureso Organelles: cytoplasmic structures that have specialized functionso Function of a cell is under genetic control- Organelleso Nucleus: Nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin, nuclear poreo Endoplasmic reticulum: rough (ribosomes associated, protein synthesis occurs) and smooth(lipids and steroids made)o Golgi complexo Lysosome: “garbage can” unwanted things deposited hereo Mitochondrion: ATP production, contains own DNA, up to 1000 per cell (involved in muscle movement)o Centrioles: important for structure & mitosis- Things can go wrong with organelleso Ex: Cystic Fibrosis Two broken copies of CFTR gene (Cl- channel protein in membrane) Symptoms: accumulation of thick mucus leading to damage of tissue, elevated risk of infections Target Organs: lungs, digestive system Now, affected individuals can live into adulthoodo Ex: Gaucher disease Enzyme in lysosome affected Impaired breakdown of particular fats and accumulation of hese molecules in liver, spleen, and bone marrow Onset: anytime from childhood to adulthood Symptoms, mild to severe- Enlargement of liver- Anemia- Easy bruising- Bone abnormalities-
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