ZOL141 1st Edition Lecture 1Outline of Last Lecture I. ---Outline of Current Lecture II. The Beginning of Human GeneticsIII. Age of DNAIV. Human Genome ProjectV. Social and Ethical Effects of Genetics: Eugenics MovementCurrent LectureDefinition: study of inheritance as it occurs in human beings- Genetic info is encoded in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)- Human Genome:o 3.2 billion base pairso 3% codes for genes, the rest is “junk”o 19,000 geneso we are 99.9% identical to our neighborThe Beginning of Human Genetics- 1865: Gregor Mendel discovers basic principles of inheritance- 1869: Friedrich Miescher ID’s “nuclein” (DNA associated with proteins)- 1925: Frederick Griffith shows that DNA is carrier of genetic infoAge of DNA- 1952: Rosalind Franklin shows photograph of DNA structure- 1953: Watson and Crick publish model of double helix- 1961: Marshall Nirenberg cracks genetic code for protein synthesisHuman Genome Project- 1983: First genetic disease mapped: Huntington’s- 1990: Human Genome Project begins- 1999: Chromosome 22, first human chromosome is decoded- 2001: First draft of genome released- 2003: Genome completedSocial and Ethical Effects of Genetics: Eugenics Movement- Eugenics: attempt to improve human species by selective breedingo Supports belief that only humans with desired traits should have kidsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o “Bad” people discouraged from reproducing- Flawed belief of Hereditarianism: human traits are passed on with no environmental influence- Real-life consequences of these misconceptions:o Restrictive immigration laws: Immigration Restriction Act of 1924o Restricted reproductive rights- Why is Hereditarianism wrong?o Most human traits are dependent on many genes and the environmento Everyone has 5-10 hidden deleterious alleles (if someone has two of the same, they cannot live)o How do you decide which traits are desirable?o “breeding” humans is simply unethical- Other Social and Ethical Effects of Genetics:o Cloning: Dolly the sheepo Prenatal screeningo Newborn screeningo 3 parent