ZOL 141 1st Edition Lecture 4 Outline of Last Lecture I DNA Replication II Leading and Lagging Strand III DNA replication enzymes Helicase and DNA polymerase IV Chromosomes V Organization of DNA in Chromosomes Outline of Current Lecture II The Cell III Organelles IV Problems with Organelles a Examples Current Lecture The Cell Basic Unit of structure and function in ALL organisms o Humans 100 trillion cells Cells differ in their size shape function and life cycle o Giant squid has 39 foot nerve cells o Ostrich egg yolk 3 lbs biggest cell At structural level they are all similar o Cell has different substructures o Organelles cytoplasmic structures that have specialized functions o Function of a cell is under genetic control Organelles o Nucleus Nuclear envelope nucleolus chromatin nuclear pore o Endoplasmic reticulum rough ribosomes associated protein synthesis occurs and smooth lipids and steroids made o Golgi complex o Lysosome garbage can unwanted things deposited here o Mitochondrion ATP production contains own DNA up to 1000 per cell involved in muscle movement o Centrioles important for structure mitosis Things can go wrong with organelles o Ex Cystic Fibrosis Two broken copies of CFTR gene Cl channel protein in membrane Symptoms accumulation of thick mucus leading to damage of tissue elevated risk of infections Target Organs lungs digestive system Now affected individuals can live into adulthood o Ex Gaucher disease Enzyme in lysosome affected Impaired breakdown of particular fats and accumulation of hese molecules in liver spleen and bone marrow Onset anytime from childhood to adulthood Symptoms mild to severe Enlargement of liver Anemia Easy bruising Bone abnormalities fatigue
View Full Document
Unlocking...