Page 1 Separate wars made up “Second World War”: European War & Far Eastern War-Germany Gov. started war in Europe (Japan couldn’t have attached British Empire & US if it didn’t)-Hitler & Nazi: came to power b/c German voters in 1932 & non Nazi politicians preferred to work with & exploit them then combat themTreaty of Versailles: Germans resented consequences (unjust “reparations”)Xenophobic nationalism: separations German Speaking AustraliansEconomic decline: great inflation of 1923 (Germany currency worthless) & slump after 1929 (vengeful policies of foreigners; esp. French)Support for Nazi: depression (1929-32)1932 Nazis strongest political party)Theme: appealed gave ideal way life, no classes, economic/ unemployment improvedJan 1933 President Hindenburg: Hitler became Chancellor (5)Hitler bribed/ flattered Hindenburg; exploited position (SA expanded & intimidate civilian politicians)1934-38: period of normalization (order returned)Germany run by1) Est. civil service, judiciary, teachers, army offices, businessman, & police2) Party with own hierarchies & spheres of influenceHitler dominant politically: final adjudicator- strengthened his position as an arbiterNeeded foreign crises & emergences to continued power2 themes Hitler:1=solve Jewish problem (safe guard racial purity)2= secure living space for Germans (strengthen in struggle of survival)4 year Plan: August 1936; Hitler proposed set of economic measures designed to make Germany as self-sufficient as possibleWar: came about b/c of British policy (9); British gov interfering in Europe to maintain a balance of power (German thinking)-British thought: maintain peaceTried to prevent Germany from taking over Europe; encouraged 2 allies: France & PolandWorried about chain of events that would cause them to enter war; ended up encouraging a solution of German grievance against Czechoslovakia-Munich:Reinforced Hitler’s prestige & made less likely to restrain him in futurePressing Czechoslovakia into surrender made more difficult to rally future resistance o GermanyBritain: preparation for war (rearmament); only way to avert war was by 1) inspiring fear in Hitler or 2) causing German moderates (soldiers, businessmen, & bankers to restrain Hitler)-1938/9: Polish, German, & Hitler meet and ask Poland to settle Polish-German differencesDanzig return back to Germany & Polish Corridor was to be crossed by a road which Germany should have extraterritorial rights (Pol’s objected)-Nazi-Soviet pact: Hitler got Soviet help against PolandHitler wanted to remodel eastern Europe and make Germany dominant-British side: only way to prevent war was to refuse to abandon PolandDeclared war on Sept 3 1939 to prevent German domination of EuropeHitler-Government: conducted foreign affairs & assembled military strength, launched attacks and declared war (wonder what population thinks of their actions)1939: 76% voted yes whether war on Germany after Polish attackIn Class Notes 8/28Focus on Eastern Europe, Pacific & EuropeLegacy of WWII still seen in Ukraine todayOrder of Glory 1943Fearlessness in defending Soviet MotherlandSymbol of today’s separatistIN CLASS NOTES 9/2-Clip from BBC Putin says Ukraine reminds him of WWII-Hitler’s foreign Policy & the beginning of the Second World WarObjectives:1) Outline Hitler’s definition of an expansionist foreign policy & drive towards war2) Place this foreign policy in historical context3) Explain French & British foreign policy strategies & evaluate motivation/ consequences of “Appeasement”Why did the War in Europe begin?Germany is at Fault (common belief)Resented Treaty of Versailles (reparation payments, land loss, demilitarization)Economic crisisDecline of capitals economy, high inflation, lower classes open to new idea, PARKER argues NAZI wouldn’t have happened with out thisNationalism, fascismNazi: superior to all, benefit rest up getting rid of the weakFear of communism & socialismManufactured by Jewish raceWar of aggression & empire building (racist built/ fueled)Cant only focus on Germany was a world warGermany was reacting to the world around itNeeded to rearm, British let it happenHelped pp. get back in the work forceCosts lead to domestic unrestWar may have begun in Hitler’s mind as a short opportunistic war (1939)Can offer rationale for German Belligerence? Resentment of treaty of Versailles (Germany take full blame of war), economic crisis,Defines Nazi: fascism, foreign racism, fear of communismWhy does GB-France respond to Germany w/ war?What was different this timeTo use force as a foreign policyAll had some kind of racism/ racial structure/hierarchyF & GB wanted to keep their empires, even though under stressForce need to be used to maintain itDeceptive SimplicityCommon sensual answer regarding origins of the warPitfall of too great a focus on GermanyWhy did Great Britain & France declare war when they did?Cant focus on German aggression; look widerHoped to dominate international system & empires built by forceCommon foreign policy traditions outlineWhat lead to war & why become global: rearmament was going to occur (easily predictable during depression)-lead to domestic unrestWar began in 1939: Hitler imagined short opportunistic war (forcing production)Map Picture:GERMANY divided 2 not parts Germany proper & East Prussia (victors of the war; Poland wants access to the sea) Poland gets Danzig in-between toRhiland, Saar, Sudetenland, Teschen, Austin, S Tyrdl, DanzigKey placesHitler’s Foreign Policy:Objective: Overturn Versailles (btw victors of war & Germany) (German military shrunk)Never had intention to overrun international orderGermany anger allowed Nazi policatal governsBasic Provisions of Versailles Inimical to German InterestsArticle 231: accept full responsibility of war & pain/damage; feeling of injustice bound up in this article; war reparations (never paid-upset had to make payments)Alsace & Lorraine: territory returned to France @ end WWI; Germans there (injustice bc had German speakers there)Rhine/ Sarr: troops could occupy bank & bank be demilitarizedSaar- coal iron rich, French econ control (needed to be returned)Demilitarization/: very limited, no air forceReparations: since responsible for war had to pay (never did, felt shouldn’t have to)German capital lost bc of these (30% coal production)Germany & Austria could NEVER UNIT (hypocrisy of first WW)Hitler’s Plans: upturn of these provisions (short-term){Germany, return 2/3, retake polish