2 Separate wars made up “Second World War”: European War & Far Eastern War-Germany gov started war in Europe (Japan couldn’t have attached British Empire & US if it didn’t)-Hitler & Nazi: came to power b/c German voters in 1932 & non Nazi politicians preferred to work with & expoit them then combat themTreaty of Versailes: Germans resented consequences (unjust “reparations”)Xenophobic nationalism: separations German Speaking AustrialionsEconomic decline: great inflation of 1923 (Germany currency worthless) & slump after 1929 (vengeful policies of foreigners; esp French)Support for Nazi: depression (1929-32)1932 Nazis strongest political party)Theme: appealed gave ideal way life, no classes, economic/ unemployment improvedJan 1933 President Hindenburg: Hitler became Chancellor (5)Hitler bribed/ flattered Hindenburg; exploited position (SA expanded & intimidate civilian politicians)1934-38: period of normalization (order returned)Germany run by1) est civil service, judiciary, teachers, army offices, businessman, & police2)party with own hierarchies & spheres of influenceHitler dominant politically: final adjudicator- strengthened his position as an arbiterNeeded foreign crises & emergences to continued power2 themes Hitler:1=solve Jewish problem (safe guard racial purity)2= secure living space for Germans ( strengthen in struggle of survival)4 year Plan: August 1936; Hitler proposed set of economic measures designed to make Germany as self-sufficient as possibleWar: came about b/c of British policy (9);British gov interfering in Europe to maintain a balance of power (German thinking)-British thought: maintain peaceTried to prevent Germany from taking over Europe; encouraged 2 allies: France & PolandWorried about chain of events that would cause them to enter war; ended up encouraging a solution of German grievance against Czechoslovakia-Munich:?reinforced Hitler’s prestige & made less likely to restrain him in futurepressing Czechoslovakia into surrender made more difficult to rally future resistance o GermanyBritain: preparation for war (rearmament); only way to avert war was by 1)inspiring fear in Hitler or 2)causing German moderates (soldiers, businessmen, & bankers to restrain Hitler)-1938/9: Polish, German, & Hitler meet and ask Poland to settle Polish-German differencesDanzig return back to Germany & Polish Corridor was to be crossed by a road which Germany should have extraterritorial rights (Pol’s objected)-Nazi-Soviet pact: Hitler got Soviet help against PolandHitler wanted to remodel eastern Europe and make Germany dominant-British side: only way to prevent war was to refuse to abandon PolandDeclared war on Sept 3 1939 to prevent German domination of EuropeHitlerCh 1: Hitler, Germany, & Origins of European War 2 Separate wars made up “Second World War”: European War & Far Eastern War-Germany gov started war in Europe (Japan couldn’t have attached British Empire & US if it didn’t)-Hitler & Nazi: came to power b/c German voters in 1932 & non Nazi politicians preferred to work with & expoit them then combat them-Treaty of Versailes: Germans resented consequences (unjust “reparations”)oXenophobic nationalism: separations German Speaking Austrialions-Economic decline: great inflation of 1923 (Germany currency worthless) & slump after 1929 (vengeful policies of foreigners; esp French)-Support for Nazi: depression (1929-32) 1932 Nazis strongest political party)oTheme: appealed gave ideal way life, no classes, economic/ unemployment improved-Jan 1933 President Hindenburg: Hitler became Chancellor (5)oHitler bribed/ flattered Hindenburg; exploited position (SA expanded& intimidate civilian politicians)o1934-38: period of normalization (order returned)Germany run by 1) est civil service, judiciary, teachers, army offices, businessman, & police2)party with own hierarchies & spheres of influenceoHitler dominant politically: final adjudicator- strengthened his position as an arbiterNeeded foreign crises & emergences to continued power2 themes Hitler: 1=solve Jewish problem (safe guard racial purity) 2= secure living space for Germans ( strengthen in struggle of survival)4 year Plan: August 1936; Hitler proposed set of economic measures designed to make Germany as self-sufficient as possibleWar: came about b/c of British policy (9);British gov interfering in Europe to maintain a balance of power (Germanthinking)-British thought: maintain peace-Tried to prevent Germany from taking over Europe; encouraged 2 allies: France & Poland -Worried about chain of events that would cause them to enter war; ended up encouraging a solution of German grievance against Czechoslovakia-Munich:?-reinforced Hitler’s prestige & made less likely to restrain him in future-pressing Czechoslovakia into surrender made more difficult to rally future resistance o Germany-Britain: preparation for war (rearmament); only way to avert war was by 1)inspiring fear in Hitler or 2)causing German moderates (soldiers, businessmen, & bankers to restrain Hitler)-1938/9: Polish, German, & Hitler meet and ask Poland to settle Polish-German differences-Danzig return back to Germany & Polish Corridor was to be crossed by a road which Germany should have extraterritorial rights (Pol’s objected)-Nazi-Soviet pact: Hitler got Soviet help against Poland-Hitler wanted to remodel eastern Europe and make Germany dominant-British side: only way to prevent war was to refuse to abandon Poland-Declared war on Sept 3 1939 to prevent German domination of
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