CH 115 1st Edition Lecture 4 Unit 1: Atoms, Isotopes and IonsOutline of Last LectureI. Wavesa. Components of a Waveb. Definition of Frequency and the Speed of LightII. Electromagnetic Radiationa. Notable Wavelengthsb. Equation for LightIII. Planck’s Theorya. Energy EquationIV. Equations RearrangedOutline of Current Lecture V. Photoelectric Effecta. Definition and InsightVI. Line Emission Spectruma. Definition and Insightb. Second Energy EquationCurrent LecturePhotoelectric Effect- Einstein is the one who got credit for the photoelectric effect.- Simply put, the photoelectric effect is when electrons leave metals when light hits it (to help with memory: a PHOTOn (photon-quantum of light) strikes metal and an ELECTROn (electron-negatively charged particle) is released. These electrons are referred to as PHOTOELECTRONS).These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Light “waves” can behave like particles. - Watch this video when you get a free moment! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kcSYV8bJox8Line Emission Spectrum- The line emission spectrum can be used to determine what elements are in stars.- When voltage is applied to diffuse gases, they emit light:o When an electron is not charged up, it is orbiting in the ground state.o When charged, it becomes excited and moves to a higher energy state.o Electron are always seeking to be in low level energy states, thus they try to relax back to a lower level. o When an electron goes down to a lower state, a photon (or simply put, light) is emitted.- If you pass that light though a prism, you will get discreet lines - Each line in the excited states relates to a specificwavelength of energy.- It is not possible to be in between energystates: an electron is either at one energy level orthe other.- Remember this through the ramp vs. stairs example –you can stop anywhere you please while ascending ordescending a ramp, but you can only be on one step or the other while ascending or descending stairs. - Neils Bohr’s atomic model was the first to explain this behavior for hydrogen.- Bohr determined the energy of the energy levels of hydrogen by using this formula – - E= energy, J= joules, and n=the energy level- This equation can be used to calculate the energy of the transitions between different