CH 115 1nd Edition Lecture 3 Unit 1: Atoms, Isotopes and IonsOutline of Last Lecture I. Atomsa. Subatomic particlesb. Mass and Volume of Atomsc. Atomic Number and Mass NumberII. Isotopesa. Atomic Weightb. Percent AbundanceOutline of Current Lecture III. Wavesa. Components of a Waveb. Definition of Frequency and the Speed of LightIV. Electromagnetic Radiationa. Notable Wavelengthsb. Equation for LightV. Planck’s Theorya. Energy EquationVI. Equations RearrangedCurrent LectureWaves- Waves – Essentially, waves are disturbances in space. Think of a ripple – when you toucha surface of water you create a disturbance in thatThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.surface which transmits in the form of ripples. Waves occur in water, sound, and light and consist of various parts: Peak – The highest point in a wave. Trough – The lowest point in a wave. Amplitude – The height of a wave; can be positive or negative. Wavelength – The length between 2 waves’ peak or trough. Wavelength is depicted by the Greek symbol Lambda - Frequency – the number of complete waves passing a point in a given amount of time. Frequency is depicted by the Greek symbol Nu  NOTE: “NU” IS NOT THE ENGLISH LETTER V. THEY SHARE SIMILARITIES BUT THE ENGLISH LETTER V ISUSED TO REPRESENT VELOCITY.- Speed of Light – Absolutely fastest speed anything in the universe (that we know of so far) can go. The numerical value of the speed of light is 2.998 x 108 meters/second. The speed of light is depicted by a lower case “c”.Text in picture: Usain Bolt – 27.8; Cheetah – 74.6; Bugatti Veyron – 268; Bullet Train – 311; Speed of sound – 761; HTV2 Jet – 13,000; New Horizons Space Craft – 36,360; Speed of light – 671,000,000*The speed of light would go around this graph another 18,135 times if we wanted to show on this graph.Electromagnetic RadiationElectromagnetic radiation – a kind of radiation including visible light, radio waves, gamma rays, and X-rays, in which electric and magnetic fields vary simultaneously. All electromagnetic radiation travels at the speed of light (2.998 x 108 m/s).- The electromagnetic spectrum (pictured above) shows the different wavelengths of eachtype of radiation:o LONG wavelengths have LOW energy. Think about frequency – frequency is how often a complete wave passes a certain point. If a wave is LONGER, then it will take longer for it to pass the specified point. Thus, the energy driving the wave must be LOWER. Another way to think about it is to think of a heartbeat. When you’re resting, your heart is beating in longer intervals (slower) because you’re not using a lot of energy. Colors associated with long wavelengths are red, orange, and yellow.o SHORT wavelengths have HIGH energy. Using the heartbeat example again, whenyou’re exercising your heart beats in SHORTER intervals (faster) because you’re using a lot of HIGH energy. Colors associated with short wavelengths are purple and blue, but green is often included as a “short” wavelength.o The longest wavelengths are radio waves and the shortest are gamma rays.o Equation for electromagnetic radiation is:Planck’s Theory- Planck explained the changes in light emitted from an object being heated.- Light energy comes in small energy packets called “quanta” energy- Using this information, Planck derived a constant for calculating these quanta of energy.- Planck’s constant is depicted by the English letter “h” with value 6.626 x 10-34 Joules (unit for measuring energy)*second. - Equation for energy using Planck’s constant  Equations rearranged1) v=c2) E=hv3) h=E/v4) v=E/h5) v=c/6) =c/v7) h=E /c8) E/h=c/9) E/v=E