FANR 3060 1st Edition Lecture 4Outline of Last LectureI. Landscape DevelopmentII. Different types of LandscapesIII. The Piedmont LandscapeOutline of Current LectureI. What is soilII. HydrologyIII. Soil PropertiesIV. WeatheringChapter 1con’tI. What is soil?a. A mantle of weathered rock that covers the earth’s land surfaceb. Affected by specific soil-forming processesi. Weatheringii. Leachingiii. Humus additionsc. Processes are different in diff. parts of the landscaped. The medium for plant growthII. HydrologyThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. Water moves through landscapes in a series of processes, and there’s a balance between inputs and outputs of water within a land areab. Water Balance equation i. P = ET + Q + ∆S1. P = precipitation2. E = evaporation3. T = transpiration4. Q = discharge from watersheda. Stream flowb. Lateral flow: outcrops into spring or valleyc. Then becomes surface flow5. S = water in soila. How wet the soil isc. Figure 1.15i. Infiltration = water into soilii. Percolation = water dripping through the soil1. Deep percolation: when water percolates all the way to the water tabled. In the summer, ET goes up, and Q goes down; opposite in the winterChapter 2I. Soil propertiesa. Texturei. Particle sizeii. Sand (biggest), silt, clay (smallest)iii. Texture classes1. Mixtures of the above that can be differentiated by feelingiv. Loam: equal amounts silt and sand; low clayb. Colori. Gives you hints about history and composition of soilii. Iron oxides1. Red/yellowiii. Grey1. Water loggediv. Humus1. Blackv. Topsoil1. Black/brownishvi. Primary minerals1. Whitish/light greyvii. Munsell system1. System for describing soil colorc. Structurei. Organization of primary soil particles into secondary units1. Called aggregates2. Also known as pedsii. Types of structure1. Granular, blocky, consistent, friable, firm II. Weatheringa. Rock  parent material  soilb. Physicali. Reduction in particle size of the rock, and creation of pores in the rock massii. Expansion/contraction1. Heating/cooling2. The effects of freezing are intensified by water, which expands when frozeniii. Root pressureiv. Abrasion1. Streamsc. Chemicali. Hydrolysis1. Reaction of a mineral with water or a proton (acid)2. Either produces or consumes hydrogenii. Aluminum is a VERY important mineral1. Toxic to plant