Final study guide 1EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE100 questions, 2 points each, 200 points totalThe exam will consist of true and false, multiple-choice, and fill-in-the-blank questions.Lesson 7: Video Learning Objectives 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8 1. A bundle of muscle fibers is called: i. fascicle2. Muscle fibers are made up of:i. myofibrils3. Actin is known as the:i. thin filament4. Myosin is known as the:i. Thick filament5. When a motor unit is stimulated it "fires" at 100% of its potential or it doesn't fire at all. This is known as: i. All or None Law6. Golgi Tendon Organs (GTO) provide sensory information about:i. tension7. __________ is responsible for the “stretch reflex.”i. Muscle spindle8. Muscle spindles provide sensory information about muscle __________.i. length9. The repeating contractile unit of muscle is:i. sacromere10. What theory is used to explain how muscles contract? i. Sliding Filament Theory11. As the frequency of stimulations is increased, the muscle does not have time to relax between stimuli and the force generated becomes additive. This response or "ramping up" that leads to an increase in tension compared to a single twitch is known as: i. Summation12. The amount of force generated depends on the: i. number of fibers recruited, nature of the stimulation, initial length of the muscle13. Slow-twitch fibers are: i. highly aerobic, efficient, resistant to fatigue14. Intermediate fibers are also known as:i. oxidative-glycolytic15. Which of the following is TRUE?i. Fast-twitch fibers are more suited to strength and speed activities.; People with higher % of fast-twitch fibers will respond quicker and usuallyFinal study guide 2increase strength greater than people with a lower % of fast-twitch fibers.; Fiber type distribution (% of fast vs. slow) is mostly genetic.16. The majority of strength gains in the first 6 weeks of training are due mostly to:i. neural adaptions.17. Elite endurance runners are likely to have a majority of:i. Type 1 fibers.18. Elite sprinters are likely to have a majority of:i. Type 2b fibers.19. Approximately what percentage of your strength gains can be accomplished by doing only one set to failure?i. 70-80%20. The electrical signal that travels through the nerve and stimulates the muscle fiberto contract is called what?i. Action potential21. Which type of muscle contraction develops no force?i. None of the choicesLesson 8: Chapter Learning Objectives 8.2, 8.3, 8.422. What type of fat is found within tissues such as the muscles, nerve cells, bone marrow, intestines, heart, liver, and lungs? i. Essential Fat23. In women, essential fat is approximately:i. 10%24. Carbohydrate and ________ serve as the two main energy substrates (sources) for exercisei. fat25. When using the hydrostatic weighing technique to determine body fatness, it is imperative to accurately measure the amount of air that one cannot expire. This is called: i. residual volume26. A technique used to determine thinness and excessive fatness that incorporates height and weight to estimate critical fat values at which the risk for disease increases is called:i. Body mass index (BMI)27. Anthropometric measurement techniques to estimate body fatness include: i. girth measurements28. Because of its simplicity and measurement consistency across populations, __________ is the most widely used measure to determine overweight and obesityi. BMI29. Skinfold measurements should be done at the same time of the day, preferably in the morning, because: i. changes in water hydration from activity and exercise can affect skinfold girth30. Body mass index (BMI) is a better predictor than waist circumference (WC) of the risk fordisease.Final study guide 3i. False31. The lowest risk for chronic disease is in the BMI range of 22-2532. The most accurate technique to estimate body composition in the lab is _____________. This technique has replaced hydrostatic weighing as the “gold standard” method for body composition assessment.i. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiotometry33. The previous, or outdated “gold standard,” or criterion technique, of body composition assessment was: i. Hydrostatic weighing34. Air displacement is easy to administer and compares favorably (according to initial research) with hydrostatic weighing. i. True35. Which of the following is TRUE concerning the Bod Pod: i. Also known as air displacement plethysmography; Based on Boyle’s Law (P1V1=P2V2)36. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry uses computerized pressure sensors to determine the amount of air displaced by the person inside the chamber. i. False37. Assessing body composition using skinfold thickness is based on the principle that the amount of subcutaneous fat is proportional to total body fat.i. True38. Deposits of fat directly under the skin are called ___________.i. Subcutaneous fat39. The Waist to Hip Ratio assesses:i. fat distribution; risk of cardiovascular diseaseLesson 9: Video Learning Objectives 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.740. Obesity has been defined as a BMI of _______ or higheri. 3041. Which of the following is true concerning BMI? i. BMI < 18.5 = underweight42. Which of the following is true concerning BMI? i. BMI >25 = overweight ; BMI = Body Mass Index43. Which of the following is true concerning BMI? i. BMI = [Wt. (lbs.) / Ht 2 (inches)] x 70344. According to the Obesity video lecture, Over Fatness (at risk) for men would be considered a body fat percentage greater than _______i. 25%45. According to the Obesity video lecture, Over Fatness (at risk) for women would be considered a body fat percentage greater than_______i. 35%46. Assessing body composition using skinfold thickness is based on the principle that the amount of subcutaneous fat is proportional to total body fat. i. TrueFinal study guide 447. Gynoid obesity is most often seen in: i. women48. Cellulite is: i. nothing else but enlarged fat cells that bulge out due to excessive accumulation of body fat.49. Hypertrophy:i. is an increase in cell (fiber) size50. Hyperplasia: i. is an increase in cell (fiber) number51. According to the F.I.T. Formula for WEIGHT LOSS, the Intensity of the exercise should be approximately 55-65% of MHR. i. True52. According to the F.I.T. Formula for WEIGHT LOSS, the Frequency should be 5-7days. i. TRUE53. Dr. Stephen Blair investigated the effects of Cardiovascular (CV) Fitness and body fatness (Fitness vs. Fatness) on relative risk (RR) for all-cause mortality. According to his data, which