Midterm 3 Wheeler Alcohol Nutrition during adult years Dietary food insecurity fad diet Final Exam RSF Fieldhouse 8 9am 100 points 50 questions Review Session for Final Final Exam Study Guide 1 Food Insecurity Pregnancy a Nutrition is important for pregnancy i 3 Important Nutrition 1 Iron 2 Folate 3 Calcium ii Total Weight Gain 1 25 35lbs 2 Food Assistance Programs a SNAP i How to be qualified 1 Have lived in the U S for five or more years 2 Meet specific low income requirement 3 Be working or training for a job ii What to purchase 1 EVERYTHING BUT a Alcohol b Nonfood items c Medication d Fully Cooked Meal iii Education 1 Optional education iv Entitlement Program 1 Yes b WIC i How to be qualified 1 Be a pregnant breastfeeding or postpartum woman at or below a specific income requirement 2 OR have children up to age five who are at nutritional risk ii What to purchase 1 Restricted to certain items given list limitations a Item not on the list you cannot purchase iii Education 1 Mandatory iv Entitlement Program 1 No c NSLP i How to be qualified 1 School children 2 Help school provide lunch for kids ii What to purchase 1 X iii Education 1 X iv Entitlement Program 1 No v NOTE 1 Hunger Free Kids Act a Try to ask the school to provide healthier school lunch b Lunch lower total calories more vegetables and fruits more whole grains lower salt content avoid whole milk 3 Alcohol a 1g of alcohol 7kcals of energy b How do we process the alcohol i Absorption 1 Small intestine 2 NOTE Small portion absorbed in stomach 3 Simple Diffusion ii Metabolism 1 Liver a Acetyl co A electron transport thing generate energy b Capacity excess alcohol released in blood c Factors influencing alcohol metabolism i Alcohol itself 1 Alcohol content 2 How much you drink ii Your Body 1 Age a Older enzyme activity will be less 2 Gender a Men can metabolize better than women 3 Body composition 4 Body Size 5 Enzyme activity 6 Hormones d What s the risk of alcohol over consumption i Liver Damage ii Cancer iii Micronutrient Deficiency 1 Huge amounts of enzymes require the micronutrients to serve as co factor 2 Vitamin B some minerals a lot of alcohol intake you may deplete the micronutrients in your body 4 Metabolism a Catabolic metabolism Anabolic metabolism i Big molecules to small molecules 1 Catabolism ii Small molecules to big molecules 1 Anabolism iii Which one is used to generate energy 1 Catabolism iv Which one is used to store energy 1 Anabolism v Examples 1 Glycogen to glucose a Catabolic 2 Glucose to ATP a Catabolic 3 Fatty acid to triglyceride a Anabolic b Energy production in the cell glucose i Synthesize energy produce ATP 1 Carb a Glycolysis i Convert glucose to pyruvate ii Enter mitochondria converted to Acetyl CoA iii Citric acid cycle mitochondrion iv Electron Transport Chain inner mitochondrial membrane b Aerobic metabolism i Oxygen c Glucose with oxygen i Produce ATP H20 CO2 d Anaerobic respiration i Only the glycolysis part takes place in cytoplasm 2 Fat a Tryglyceride fatty acid glycerol b Gluconeogensis makes new glucose c Beta oxidation i Cut to molecules from fatty acids acetyl CoA ii Generate ATP d NOTE Cannot use fat to synthesize carbohydrates glucose don t have the enzyme 3 Protein a Break down i Release ketagenic amino acid 1 Acetyl CoA 2 Electron Transport Chain ATP ii Glucogenic amino acid 1 Pyruvate a Acetyl CoA b Glucose gluconeogenesis i ATP ii GLUCONEOGENSIS 1 Generate Glucose 2 Can use glycerol AND pyruvate to synthesize it 5 Energy balance a Balance between energy in and energy out b Hunger and Satiety control i Control center for hunger satiety hypothalamus ii What makes you feel satiety 1 Leptin a Released from your FAT 2 Bulk food fiber and water 3 Protein Fat iii What makes you feel hunger 1 Endorphins a Released from your BRAIN 2 Ghrelin a Released from your EMPTY STOMACH c Energy expenditure i Basal Metabolic Rate BMR 1 Energy you use to maintain super basic functions ii Physical activity iii Thermic effect of food iv Adaptive thermogenesis 1 Maintain body temperature when the weather is cold d Energy balance i Positive energy balance 1 Energy in Energy out 2 Store energy as fat tend to increase body weight 3 Can lead to obesity ii Negative 1 Energy out Energy in iii BMI 1 Obese or nah 2 Good Range 18 25 3 What s the limitation of BMI BMI cannot tell you your body composition iv What are the components of a healthy weight loss program 1 Control of energy intake 2 Regular physical activity 3 Control of problem behavior e Nutrition and Exercise i Benefits 1 Reduce blood pressure 2 Improves blood glucose regulation ii How much do you need 1 Based on 2008 Recommended 30 min day most days iii Energy sources for physical activity 1 What s the energy sources for physical activity a ATP b Phosphocreatine c Anaerobic respiration i NOTE Three above short burst d Aerobic metabolism e Glycogenolysis f Gluconeogenesis g Fatty acid beta oxidation i NOTE Four above longer iv Ergogenic aids 1 Substance treatment that can improve your physical activity performance 2 Ex Steroids Creatine Coffee v Observational studies 1 Components a Collect data from i Cross section of the population at one point in time or b vi Human Experiments vii Laboratory animal experiments viii What makes a good experiment 1 Quantifiable data appropriate subjects control ix What are the components of a research paper 1 On study guide a Abstract b Introduction c Materials d Methods e Results f Discussion g Reference f Nutrition During Growing Years Nutrition During Adult Years i During growing years more nutrients to support the growth 1 Iron ii During adult years physiological process changes 1 Need to intake more nutrients to compensate the aging effect 2 Behavioral adjustment more exercise g Fat diet i Characteristics 1 Short term popularity 2 Claim rapid weight loss often 2 lbs week 3 Eliminate entire food groups certain foods usually while promoting supplement product 4 Often promoted by celebs 5 Little or no scientific evidence ii Potential problem of fat diet iii How to have a healthier eating plan and lifestyle 1 More color 2 Real food 3 Good proportions 4 Veggies Fruits 5 Exercise Mo