ARTH 103 1st Edition Exam 3 Study Guide Key terms Carolingians Charlemagne s family consolidated their power in present day France Germany who had close ties with the pope in Rome Pope felt threatened by Byzantine Empire and its emperor and neighbors in Italy who had tried to overthrow him before So he reached out to Charlemagne and crowned him Holy Roman Emperor which pissed off the Byzantines This period is known as the Carolingian Renaissance Byzantine empire lasted from about c 315 1453 A theocracy that believed they were an extension of the Roman Empire The Byzantines laid the groundwork for Italian Renaissance art Justinian I 527 565 known for restoring the lost western half of the historical Roman Empire Eucharist the bread of life Latin Cross Basilica Plan large rectangular hall with a gable roof with an apse at one end Greek Cross Central Plan a square center and four arms of equal length widely used in Byzantine architecture plan in the form of a Greek cross Monastic Communities sponsored by Charlemagne to keep monks in line to convert everyone who were otherwise killed These were self sufficient communities with a narrow focus on monastic traditions West work a large monumental entrance depicted upon the Abby Church of Covey c 815 and upon Charlemagne s Palace Illuminated Manuscript Christian depictions of the four gospels they were books with paintings in them made of animal skin parchment and vellum Bright colors were used Charlemagne First to rule Holy Roman Empire c 800 1806 he was a Frankish warlord gained political and spiritual legitimacy by joining in pact with the pope He led the Carolingian Renaissance churches roads schools and hospitals were built rebuilt a cultural rebirth Catacomb human made subterranean pathways under cities for religious practice any chamber used as a burial place Ambulatory Space the curving aisle in the apse Nave the great central space in a church Cloisonne little compartments with very thin pieces of metal with jewels and colored stones inside the compartments a sophisticated form of metal working emphasis on intricacy abstraction and decoration Mosaics and icon painting stiff naturalistic rigid portrait poses with little emotion and no narrative Dark Ages 300 1000 early medieval pagan communities in the west after the fall of Rome This was a time of ignorance where all classical knowledge was forgotten until it was reborn with the renaissance Hiberno Saxon art style of metalworking with intricate details and decorations Fibula pins used to hold up pieces of toga implied there was a market for luxurious wear Roman practices were obviously present in England Parchment and vellum made of animal skins a material for illumination vellum was a fancier version of parchment St Benedict 480 547 Benedictine Order brought monks together to live in a self sufficient city Their labor was a form of prayer Charlemagne sponsored these communities with land to keep everyone in line Peter Striking the Rock Catacombs of Commodilla Rome Italy late 4 th century Peter strikes a rock and water flows from it Church of Santa Costanza Rome Built by Constantine for his daughter Constantina 4th Century Reconstruction of Old Saint Peter s basilica Rome c 320 27 Approx 394 long and 210 wide Atrium added in later in 4th century Hagia Sophia Anthemius of Tralles Isidorus of Miletus 532 537 This was the central church of the Byzantine Empire Architects were Isidorus and Anthemius There was a central dome a dome on pendentives circular dome on a square building The force of the dome was focused downward onto four piers support columns so that the walls could be used for decorations and windows Mosaic of the Virgin Mary and Christ Child Hagia Sophia 867 Located on the center of the apse semi dome in the church San Vitale brick Ravenna Italy 526 547 Ravenna captured 539 Exterior of these churches were plain with no decoration but the interior was highly decorated An ambulatory surrounds its central area which was the focus of the entire building Apse shape open area half circle is located on one extension end of the circle Alter located in the very center Emperor Justinian and His Attendants Mosaic Ravenna c 547 Inside San Vitale Church figures emperor s court and the military surrounding Justinian who is divine showing a source of power Medieval art no accurate proportion of human depictions Holding a bowl of Eucharist Virgin and Child with Saints and Angels icon Encaustic on wood 6 th century Purse Cover from the Sutton Hoo burial ship c 615 625 Cloisonne plaques of gold gamet and enamel Suffolk England Hiberno Saxon Pagan art This was a plaque that sat on top of a leather purse made for someone very wealthy Cross Page Lindisfarne Gospels England c 698 This was a page in an illuminated book Books were very valuable at this time even though a majority of the population was illiterate The creators of the books typically monks copied shapes and letters considering they were illiterate This shows the use of Pagan aesthetics with Christian symbols There is an abundance of decoration and bright colors Matthew Lindisfarne Gospels c 698 The Lindisfarne Gospels only included Matthew Mark Luke and John They were the most common illuminated manuscripts The book of Matthew was often depicted by a man Mark was depicted by a lion Luke was an ox and John was an eagle Chi Rho Iota Page from the Book of Kells late 8 th century or early 9th century Tempera on vellum Chi Rho included the four gospels written in Latin On this page the Greek initials of Christ are in the corner Small hidden images are located throughout this abstract design Palace Chapel of Charlemagne 792 805 Aachen Germany One of Charlemagne s biggest projects the chapel is the main building It was intended to be a northern version of San Vitale except he added 2 stair towers that created a monumental entrance which was not a Byzantine feature of architecture Charlemagne hired artists from Byzantine recommended by the pope to work for him Abby Church at Corvey c 815 Created a west work large monumental entrance after Charlemagne s Chapel s westwork This signifies an imperial project sponsored by the emperor Abby Church was a monestary monastic communities kept classical traditions alive Gatehouse at Lorsch c 800 This was a monastic building project funded by Charlemagne as his hotel when he came through the area The columns were Corinthian iconic with fluted engaged plasters similar to the Arch of Constantine but