Bio 3400 1nd Edition Lecture 22 Outline of Last Lecture I Origin of Amniotes II Amniotic Egg III Sauropsids vs Synapsids IV Mass extinction Outline of Current Lecture I The Earliest Hominins II Ardipithecus III Australopithecus Current Lecture I The Earliest Hominins a Ardipithecus i From Ethiopia Africa ii Large sample of remains iii Cranium is very ape like iv Small chimp brain 300 350 cc b Australopithecus i Small brain 375 400 cc ii Pelvis is more human like iii Big toe not divergent iv Evidence for foot arches foot is a rigid propulsive lever like humans 1 Footprints c Genus Paranthropus i Postcraniium similar to Australopithecus 1 Similar commitment to bipedalism ii Brain slightly larger but still apelike iii Chewing apparatus specialized 1 Very large molars premolars and jaws 2 Great chewing muscle leverage 3 Mechanically challenging diet 4 EXTINCT LINEAGE d Early Homo i Found in eastern Africa ii Larger brain compared to Ardipithecus These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute iii Tool usage e Homo erectus i Found in Africa and Eurasia first time having fossils outside Africa ii Oldest 1 8 million years ago iii Humanlike limb proportions and body size iv More complex tools 1 By 1 6 MYA a Standardized tools hand axes with characteristic shape b Evidence of transport of raw materials c Suggests foresight and planning f Later Homo i After 200 000 years 1 Multiple distinct populations spread across Africa and Eurasia 2 Including Neandertals and modern humans 3 Species status debated a Different populations of same species b or multiple species H neanderthalensis H sapiens
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