BIO SC 3400 1st Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture I Discussion Questions II Updating Darwinism Outline of Current Lecture I Thomas Morgan II Gregor Mendel III The Modern Synthesis IV Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium V Peppered Moths Current Lecture I II III IV I II III Thomas Morgan Mutation a Early 1900s b Mutations occur every generation c Mutations can occur anywhere in the genome d On a per individual per gene basis mutations are incredibly rare i 2 10 8 Gregor Mendel Inheritance a 1865 pea experiments published b Early 1900s work rediscovered c Laws of Mendelian Inheritance The Modern Synthesis a Included 2 major reconciliations 1936 1947 i Medndelian genetics with natural selection and gradual evolution ii Microevolution with macroevolution The Simpliest Model a single gene a Peppered moth b Color morph is determined by a single gene c Dark allele 0 1 d Light allele 0 9 i Frequency does not tell the PREVELANCE Allele frequencies do not tell you anything about dominance Not all allelic interactions are characterized by dominance Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute IV V VI VII a The expectations for genotype frequency if no outside forces are acting on the population p2 2pq q2 b The expectations for allele and genotype frequencies over time if no outside forces are acting on the population no change c Assumptions infinite population size random mating no migrant no mutation no selection Peppered moth evolution a During the industrial revolution mid 19th century pollution led to the following changes in England i Death of light colored lichen ii Soot covered many of the tree trunks iii As a result moths began to select for dark colored allele slowly Why do we need a more complex model a What can be explained with a single gene model i One allele replacing another after this need mutation ii Limited range of variation b Limitations i Natural selection can only fine rune in a limited range ii Further evolutionary change independent on mutation iii Not consistent with natural selection leading to macroevolution What taxonomic level shows this level of variation a Kingdom phylum class order family genus species b Dog domestication began 10 000 years ago most breeds originated within hundreds of years ago c Diversification of the Canidae family began 55 million years ago d Mutation rates are too low to account for the amount of change produced by artificial selection e Selection can result in phenotypes outside the original range of variation f Significant change can occur rapidly g A single locus model of selection can t account for these observations Quantitative Traits and Polygenic Inheritance a Most traits are polygenic i Do not conform to discrete categories ii Do not display usual 3 1 1 1 or 1 2 1 ratios
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