Exam 3 - 1 of 7 ID# Final Exam PS 217, Fall 2009 (You must use your Skidmore ID #) Hello All! Well, here’s the final act of this ongoing saga called PS 217. Thus far, you’ve collectively convinced me that I can’t make up an exam that’s sufficiently difficult that you won’t do well. So, I’ve given up.  As you’ve been diligently preparing for this exam and looking at old exams, you should notice that the current exam is a good deal shorter than previous exams. That’s a concession to the quality of this class, the likes of which I haven’t encountered in over 25 years of teaching this course. Have a wonderful break! Let’s start out with a random question… 1. What’s the difference between a parametric statistic (e.g., ANOVA, Pearsons’ product-moment correlation coefficient) and a nonparametric statistic (e.g., Spearman’s rho)? [1 pt] 2. Place, et al. (2008) wrote an article that appeared in Psychological Science titled: “The ability to judge the romantic interest of others.” The abstract read: The ability to judge another individual's romantic interest level—both toward oneself and toward others—is an adaptively important skill when choosing a suitable mate to pursue. We tested this ability using videos of individuals on speed dates as stimuli. Male and female observers were equally good at predicting interest levels, but they were more accurate when predicting male interest: Predictions of female interest were just above chance. Observers predicted interest successfully using stimuli as short as 10 s, and they performed best when watching clips of the middle or end of the speed date. There was considerable variability between daters, with some being very easy to read and others apparently masking their true intentions. Variability between observers was also found. The results suggest that the ability to read nonverbal behavior quickly in mate choice is present not only for individuals in the interaction, but also for third-party observers. To simplify the study and place it in a format that is consistent with your knowledge, let’s imagine the study as a 2x3 independent groups design. Forty-eight participants (24 male and 24 female) viewed a short video clip of a speed dating couple. They were shown only a portion of the speed dating interaction from the beginning, middle, or end of the interaction. Half the participants rated only the males in the interaction (Male’s interest in female) and the other half of the participants rated only the females in the interaction (Female’s interest in male). The dependent variable is accuracy in correctly judging the romantic interest of the target person in the video (on a scale of 0 = totally inaccurate to 1 = totally accurate). Below is a source table that analyzes data similar to those found by Place et al. Complete the source table and interpret the results as completely as you can. [15 pts]Exam 3 - 2 of 7 Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Dependent Variable:Accuracy Source Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Partial Eta Squared Noncent. Parameter Observed Powerb Gender .026 .000 .406 28.739 .999 Time .136 .000 .783 151.798 1.000 Gender * Time .010 .006 .217 11.630 .846 Error .001 Corrected Total 0.450.50.550.60.650.7Beginning Middle EndPlace et al. StudyAccuracyTime of ClipMale Interest in FemaleFemale Interest in MaleExam 3 - 3 of 7 3. In an article by Shackman et al. (2009) in Psychological Science entitled “Right dorsolateral prefrontal cortical activity and behavioral intervention,” the abstract reads: Individuals show marked variation in their responses to threat. Such individual differences in behavioral inhibition play a profound role in mental and physical well-being. Behavioral inhibition is thought to reflect variation in the sensitivity of a distributed neural system responsible for generating anxiety and organizing defensive responses to threat and punishment. Although progress has been made in identifying the key constituents of this behavioral inhibition system in humans, the involvement of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) remains unclear. Here, we acquired self-reported Behavioral Inhibition System Sensitivity scores and high-resolution electroencephalography from a large sample. Using the enhanced spatial resolution afforded by source modeling techniques, we show that individuals with greater tonic (resting) activity in right-posterior DLPFC rate themselves as more behaviorally inhibited. This observation provides novel support for recent conceptualizations of behavioral inhibition and clues to the mechanisms that might underlie variation in threat-induced negative affect. From the PASW analysis below (of data that mimic those found in the Shackman et al. study), interpret the results as completely as you can. How many participants are in the study? If a person received a score of 20 on the Behavioral Inhibition Scale (BIS), what would you predict that person’s EEG asymmetry score to be? If a person received a score of 12 on the Behavioral Inhibition Scale (BIS), what would you predict that person’s EEG asymmetry score to be? What is the function of the standard error of estimate? [10 pts] -0.4-0.3-0.2-0.100.10.20.312 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28Shackman et al., (2009)y = 0.42917 - 0.022922x R= 0.44964 EEGBISExam 3 - 4 of 7 4. [G&W] Is there a relationship between cognitive ability and social rank? It may be the case for birds. Boogert, Reader, and Laland (2006) measured social rank and individual learning ability for a group of starlings. The following data represent results similar to those obtained in the study. Analyze the data as completely as possible. [15 pts] Starling Social Rank Learning Score A 1 3 B 3 10 C 2 7 D 3 11 E 5 19 F 4 17 G 5 17 H 2 4 I 4 12 J 2 3Exam 3 - 5 of 7 5. Some questions related to repeated measures designs: a. In a single factor repeated measures design with 7 levels of the factor (A), how many participants would you need to conduct the study if you wanted a minimum of 15 scores per condition (cell)? [2 pts] b. Suppose that you conduct the study (as in a above). Complete the resulting source table below. [5 pts] Source SS df MS F Between (A) 120 Within Subject 243 Error Total 687 c. Use the above source table to illustrate why it is that the repeated measures analysis will typically be more powerful than the independent groups