1 ID# Final Exam PS 217, Spring 2004 (you must use official #) As always, the Skidmore Honor Code is in effect. Read each question carefully and answer it completely — showing all your work. Have a wonderful summer! 1. What is the relationship between power and effect size? That is, when you are considering a research design in which there is a large effect size, what are the implications for power? When you are considering a research design in which there is a small effect size, what are the implications for power? How would you typically add power to a study? [10 pts]2 2. How seriously do people take product reviews? Chaiken and Maheswaran (1992) conducted an interesting experiment in which they varied the credibility of the review source and the general message of the review. They asked college students to read a review of a new telephone answering machine. The researchers told half the participants that the review came from a flyer printed by the discount store Kmart (low credibility) or from the magazine Consumer Reports (high credibility). Each participant then read one of three types of review, an unambiguous strong review, an ambiguous review (the answering machine was better than some machines but not as good as others), or an unambiguous weak review. The researchers then asked the participants to rate on a 10-point scale their willingness to buy the answering machine for $50 (10 = very willing to buy). The results of their study are replicated below. Complete the analysis and interpret the results of this study as completely as you can (as in a Discussion section). [10 pts] {Pittenger} 10 8.000 1.155 .36510 5.900 1.101 .34810 3.000 1.155 .36510 5.400 .699 .22110 6.600 1.174 .37110 5.100 1.197 .379Count Mean Std. Dev. Std. Err.High, AmbiguousHigh, StrongHigh, WeakLow, AmbiguousLow, StrongLow, WeakMeans Table for RatingEffect: Source Credibility * Endorsement3 3. Dr. Sally Forth is interested in studying the relationship between Locus of Control (a measure developed by Dr. Julian Rotter) and the number of different people that a person has dated. She hypothesized that there would be a positive linear relationship between locus of control and the variety of a person’s dating partners (higher locus of control leading to greater number of different people dated). Dr. Forth collected data from 50 college students on her scale of Locus of Control (0 = Low and 10 = High). Interpret her results (seen below) as completely as you can. If a person had a Locus of Control score of 7, what would be your best estimate of the number of different people that person would have dated? If a person had a Locus of Control score of 12, what would be your best estimate of the number of different people that person would have dated? Be very explicit in telling me why you would not be willing to accept the conclusion that one’s Locus of Control affected the number of different people one would have dated. [10 pts] 500.669.448.4363.957CountNum. MissingRR SquaredAdjusted R SquaredRMS ResidualRegression SummaryNumber of Dates vs. Locus of Control1 609.318 609.318 38.918 <.000148 751.502 15.65649 1360.820DF Sum of Squares Mean Square F-Value P-ValueRegressionResidualTotalANOVA TableNumber of Dates vs. Locus of Control.285 1.205 .285 .237 .81381.228 .197 .669 6.238 <.0001Coefficient Std. Error Std. Coeff. t-Value P-ValueInterceptLocus of ControlRegression CoefficientsNumber of Dates vs. Locus of Control05101520253035Number of Dates0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11Locus of ControlY = .285 + 1.228 * X; R^2 = .448Regression Plot4 4. Dr. Nomar Gassé was interested in the impact of varying levels of depression on a person’s ability to work effectively on a task, especially when tired. He selected people who were not clinically depressed, but who received high scores on the Beck Depression Inventory, as well as people who were diagnosed as clinically depressed and separated them into three groups (Low, Moderate, and Severe Depression). He then kept all participants awake for 48 hours. At the end of the 48-hour period, each participant was given a set of 10 problems to solve. The DV was the number of problems solved correctly in a 30-minute period. Complete the source table below and interpret the results of this study as completely as you can. [10 pts] 15 6.600 .986 .25415 3.333 .976 .25215 1.200 .775 .200Count Mean Std. Dev. Std. Err.LowModerateSevereMeans Table for Prob SolvedEffect: Depression5 5. In order to study the power of reverse speech (back masking), Dr. Bob Reder had participants listen to music into which backward messages had been explicitly placed. Participants were asked to refrain from drinking any liquids for two hours prior to participating in the study. In the laboratory, each participant listened to four songs. In one song, the backward message was “Coke is heavenly.” In the second song, the backward message was “Drink more Coke.” In the third song, the backward message was “Don’t drink Coke.” And in the fourth song, the backward message was “Coke will kill you.” As they listened to each song, participants had a large container of Coke in front of them and were told that they could drink as much Coke as they wanted. The DV was the number of ounces of Coke consumed during each of the four songs. First, tell me very explicitly how many participants Dr. Reder should run in his study and how they should be exposed to the songs. Given the number of participants you propose, complete the following source table and tell me what Dr. Reder could conclude from his study. (You don’t need to know FCrit…right?) [10 pts] Source df SS MS F Subject 40.0 Treatment 1.0 Error 1.0 Even though the means for each condition are not provided to you here, what can you tell me about the means of the four conditions?6 6. Dr. Rick Call is interested in whether the type of mood reflected by a word (happy, neutral, or sad) affects how well the word is remembered. He constructs a list of 18 words: 6 happy words (e.g., joyful, bright), 6 neutral words (e.g., derive, convey), and 6 sad words (e.g., gloomy, lonely). He then presents the list repeatedly to 30 participants until they can recite the entire list correctly twice in a row. One week later, each participant attempts to recall the entire list. The number of items correctly recalled as a function of the type of word is analyzed. Complete the source table below and interpret the results of