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TAMU POLS 207 - Texas Demographic and Economic Trends
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Lecture 2Outline of Current Lecture II. Demographic Trendsa. Massive growth in population of the stateb. Larger percentage of minority groups i. Hispanics, African Americans, Asian AmericansIII. Economic Trendsa. From Cotton, Cattle, and Oil to a diversification of state economyIV. 6 Economic Regions a. East Texasb. Plains Regionc. Gulf Coastd. Metroplexe. Central Corridorf. BordersCurrent LectureSTATE POLITICAL CULTURESDemographic Trends- Trend #1: massive growth in population of the state- 4 factors explaining the large migration of people to TEXAS in the last 40 years o 1970s – 11 milliono 2000s – 21 milliono 2010s – 25 million (20% growth rate in Texas since 2000)- 1st reason: TX is a Sunbelt state – state with better weather –average growth is higher in Sunbelt states - 2nd reason: proximity of Texas to Mexico o contributes in two ways – one is increased immigration because TX is a border state o second is economic opportunities, trade between TX & Mexico provides economic opportunity - 3rd reason: late 1970s – early 1980s – OIL Boom o added jobs and a reason for people to come to the state - 4th reason: economic decline in industrial Midwest o due to the economic decline in the industrial Midwest, people are looking for jobs and TX has economic opportunities because of trade and oil boom- Political Consequences of these trends >>o 1970s – 2000s Change from Democratic dominated to Republican dominated state o older Texans supported Democratic Party moreo new people that migrated into TX were more aligned with the Republican party (bring in different party loyalty)o TX government grows because of a growth in spending, which is driven simply by increased numbers of people >> need more roads, more teachers, more police, etc. as population grows o in other words, TX needs a bigger government to deal with a bigger population POLS 207 2nd EditionMinority Groups and Role in Political System- Demographic Trend #2: Increasingly larger percentage of population is minority o Asian American, Hispanic American, Anglo Americans - Participation grows from minority growth for two reasonso 1. A lifting of restrictions on minority participationo 2. An increase in minority groups - Beyond their size – minority groups have taken a greater role in the political system o removal of restrictionso increased population of minorities in certain areas – increased local political activity - HISPANICSo greatest growing group in TX o from 2000-2010 over half the state population growth came from Hispanics o from last half century  1960s – 15% Hispanics 2000 – 30% Hispanics 2010 – 38% Hispanics o continued Hispanic immigration because of proximity to Mexico o Hispanics have a larger family size and higher birth rates o 1990s – Hispanics are winning state wide offices, attorney general, supreme court seats, even US senators, etc. o projected to make up the majority of the population by 2030 o speculation that when the Hispanic population becomes the majority, the dominating party will change to Democratic because Hispanics are mostly Democratic o to some extent, full Hispanic influence/impact has been limited by low participation levels  voting rate = percentage of those who can vote that do vote Hispanics have lowest voting turn out rate across the US of all racial, ethnic groups o Hispanic concentration greatest near border counties!  many have 50-98% population! local governments in these areas will have more Hispanic participation - AFRICAN AMERICANSo 1960s to today > about 12% of TX population, relatively stable, has not really grown over the last ½ century o but their impact on state politics has grown o barriers were removed over the last half centuryo won some state wide offices - ASIAN AMERICANS o smallest portion of state populationo 1980s – 1%o 1990s – 2%o today – 4-5% o trend is growing, but rather small o Asian Americans are typically concentrated in certain areas like Houston so have more representation there in the local government**Demographic Trends = Overall Growth, Minority Growth ECONOMIC TRENDS = Period of Change - For most of its history, the Texas economy was tied to the lando 1. Cotton Farming dominated the 1820s-1860s o 2. Cattle became important economically after the Civil War o 3. Oil became the dominate economic activity after its discovery in East TX in early 20th century - When oil prices were high, the industry was doing well, new jobs made TX a great place to work, but then in the early 1980s oil prices fall…o economy falls with the drop in oil prices which forces diversification of state’s economy- ONLY in the last 30-40 years has TX’s state economy diversified beyond the land dominance of cotton, cattle, and oil- ONLY in the last 30-40 years has TX’s state economy become less dependent on the land - Since the 1980s there has been a significant restructuring of the state economy >> WHY?o NAFTA = North American Free Trade Agreement o increased trade between Mexico and TX as well as US and Canada o opening of US MEXICO border will spur and diversify the economy o other main area of diversification is in the high tech industry – Austin, Dallas, Houston  Dell, Texas Instruments, >> high technology will offer new jobs and opportunities - **Change from state dominated by land to state more diversified due to NAFTA, trade with Mexico, andhigh tech businesses 6 Economic Regions -Border, Plains, Metroplex, East TX, Gulf Coast, Central Corridor1. East Texas a. traditionally dominated by agriculture, timber, and oil b. timber remains the most important today c. diversification in this area has mainly come in the form of manufacturing 2. Plains Region a. agriculture, ranching, cattle feed b. area has seem some limited diversification 3. Gulf Coast a. manufacturing, petro-chemical industry, shipping, fishing >> already fairly diverse b. increased manufacturing and high tech opportunities c. organized labor, unions which is generally limited in TX politics, but this region, the Gulf Coast, has the highest concentration of organized labor in the state 4. Metroplexa. financial center of the state, large banking center b. manufacturing, high tech (Texas Instruments), Aerospace Industryc. most diversified region of the state economically = Metroplex d. Metroplex has most diversified economy in the state!5. Central Corridora. College Station is in the corridor b. two large


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TAMU POLS 207 - Texas Demographic and Economic Trends

Type: Lecture Note
Pages: 4
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