GRID COMPUTINGOutlineHour 1: IntroductionWhat is Grid Computing?Computational GridsSlide 6Cousins of Grid ComputingDistributed ComputingPEER2PEER ComputingMethods of Grid ComputingDistributed SupercomputingHigh-Throughput ComputingOn-Demand ComputingData-Intensive ComputingCollaborative ComputingLogistical NetworkingWho Needs Grid Computing?An Illustrative ExampleExample (continued)Slide 20Grid UsersGrid DevelopersTool DevelopersSlide 24Application DevelopersSystem AdministratorsSome Highly-Visible GridsDTFDTF ExpectationsSlide 30Hour 2: Using the GridGlobusSlide 33The Globus ToolkitSlide 35Slide 36CondorSlide 38The Condor Pool SoftwareSlide 40Condor-GLegionSlide 43HarnessSlide 45IBPSlide 47Slide 48Slide 49NetSolveThe NetSolve AgentThe NetSolve AgentThe NetSolve ClientThe NetSolve ServerSlide 55The PDF TemplateNetwork Weather ServiceGridware CollaboarationsSlide 59Slide 60Hour 3: Ongoing ResearchMotivationSpecial ProjectsThe SInRG ProjectThe Grid Service ClusterSlide 66An advanced data switchComputational Ecology GSCMedical Imaging GSCMolecular Design GSCMachine Design GSCSlide 72Types of HardwareThe FPGAThe Pilchard EnvironmentObjectivesSample ImplementationsImplementation TechniquesThe Hardware FunctionSlide 80Behind the ScenesConclusionsUnbridled ParallelismA Naked SSH ApproachGrid SecuritySome General IssuesReferencesSlide 88Slide 891GRID COMPUTINGFaisal N. Abu-Khzam & Michael A. LangstonUniversity of Tennessee2OutlineHour 1: Introduction BreakHour 2: Using the Grid BreakHour 3: Ongoing Research Q&A Session3Hour 1: IntroductionWhat is Grid Computing?Who Needs It?An Illustrative ExampleGrid UsersCurrent Grids4What is Grid Computing?Computational Grids–Homogeneous (e.g., Clusters)–Heterogeneous (e.g., with one-of-a-kind instruments)Cousins of Grid ComputingMethods of Grid Computing5Computational GridsA network of geographically distributed resources including computers, peripherals, switches, instruments, and data.Each user should have a single login account to access all resources.Resources may be owned by diverse organizations.6Computational GridsGrids are typically managed by gridware. Gridware can be viewed as a special type of middleware that enable sharing and manage grid components based on user requirements and resource attributes (e.g., capacity, performance, availability…)7Cousins of Grid ComputingParallel ComputingDistributed ComputingPeer-to-Peer ComputingMany others: Cluster Computing, Network Computing, Client/Server Computing, Internet Computing, etc...8Distributed ComputingPeople often ask: Is Grid Computing a fancy new name for the concept of distributed computing?In general, the answer is “no.” Distributed Computing is most often concerned with distributing the load of a program across two or more processes.9PEER2PEER ComputingSharing of computer resources and services by direct exchange between systems.Computers can act as clients or servers depending on what role is most efficient for the network.10Methods of Grid ComputingDistributed SupercomputingHigh-Throughput ComputingOn-Demand ComputingData-Intensive ComputingCollaborative ComputingLogistical Networking11Distributed SupercomputingCombining multiple high-capacity resources on a computational grid into a single, virtual distributed supercomputer.Tackle problems that cannot be solved on a single system.12High-Throughput ComputingUses the grid to schedule large numbers of loosely coupled or independent tasks, with the goal of putting unused processor cycles to work.13On-Demand ComputingUses grid capabilities to meet short-term requirements for resources that are not locally accessible.Models real-time computing demands.14Data-Intensive ComputingThe focus is on synthesizing new information from data that is maintained in geographically distributed repositories, digital libraries, and databases.Particularly useful for distributed data mining.15Collaborative ComputingConcerned primarily with enabling and enhancing human-to-human interactions. Applications are often structured in terms of a virtual shared space.16Logistical NetworkingGlobal scheduling and optimization of data movement.Contrasts with traditional networking, which does not explicitly model storage resources in the network. Called "logistical" because of the analogy it bears with the systems of warehouses, depots, and distribution channels.17Who Needs Grid Computing?A chemist may utilize hundreds of processors to screen thousands of compounds per hour.Teams of engineers worldwide pool resources to analyze terabytes of structural data.Meteorologists seek to visualize and analyze petabytes of climate data with enormous computational demands.18An Illustrative ExampleTiffany Moisan, a NASA research scientist, collected microbiological samples in the tidewaters around Wallops Island, Virginia.She needed the high-performance microscope located at the National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research (NCMIR), University of California, San Diego.19Example (continued)She sent the samples to San Diego and used NPACI’s Telescience Grid and NASA’s Information Power Grid (IPG) to view and control the output of the microscope from her desk on Wallops Island. Thus, in addition to viewing the samples, she could move the platform holding them and make adjustments to the microscope.20Example (continued)The microscope produced a huge dataset of images.This dataset was stored using a storage resource broker on NASA’s IPG.Moisan was able to run algorithms on this very dataset while watching the results in real time.21Grid UsersGrid developersTool developersApplication developersEnd UsersSystem Administrators22Grid DevelopersVery small group.Implementers of a grid “protocol” who provides the basic services required to construct a grid.23Tool DevelopersImplement the programming models used by application developers.Implement basic services similar to conventional computing services:–User authentication/authorization–Process management–Data access and communication24Tool DevelopersAlso implement new (grid) services such as:–Resource locations–Fault detection–Security–Electronic payment25Application DevelopersConstruct grid-enabled applications for end-users who should be able to use these applications without concern for the
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