XHTML Lists Lists are common elements of most Web pages lists of links lists of items or lists as a table of contents for an entire Web site This document describes how to mark up three types of lists unordered ordered and definition lists Unordered and ordered lists Unordered lists An unordered list is a collection of items where the order of appearance is not important e g a bulleted list Two XHTML elements are used to construct an unordered list ul and li list item The ul element denotes the beginning of an unordered list The list itself is composed of li elements p Fun Programming Languages p ul li Java li li C li li Perl li li NET li ul This is how the text may appear in the browser Fun Programming Languages Java C Perl NET The default marker type for unordered list items is a solid round bullet however the marker type can be altered with cascading style sheets Ordered lists An ordered list is a collection of items that are numbered The ol element is used to define an ordered list and again the li element defines the list members p Steps for using a fun programming language to solve a problem p ol li Think about the problem li li Describe the algorithm in pseudocode li li Implement the algorithm li li Test and refactor as needed li li Deploy application li li Collect paycheck li ol This is how the text may appear in the browser Steps for using a fun programming language to solve a problem 1 Think about the problem 2 Describe the algorithm in pseudocode 3 Implement the algorithm 4 Test and refactor as needed 5 Deploy appplication 6 Collect paycheck The default marker type for ordered lists is Arabic numbers e g 1 2 3 however style sheets can control the marker type To start the list numbering at a specific value use the start attribute of the ol element Additionally the value attribute of li can be used to modify the numbering within the list Any subsequent list items are affected by the value change For example if the value attribute specifies that the list element is 4 the next element will be 5 ol start 4 li The first item is four li li This item is five li li value 1 Now things are really confusing li li This item is now two li ol Here is how the text may appear in the browser 4 5 1 2 The first item is four This item is five Now things are really confusing This item is now two More on lists Inserting a line break will break the line of text without affecting the indentation ul li Item one is on a single line li li Item two spans multiple br lines li ul Item one is on a single line Item two spans multiple lines The list members text images links etc must be placed inside li elements The following markup is incorrect ul My favorite languages are li Perl li li FORTRAN li li x86 assembly li ul text cannot exist inside the ul element To create nested lists start the sublist inside the parent list s li element same list type ordered within ordered ol li Perl Topics ol li Strings li li Arrays li li Objects li ol li li FORTRAN Topics li ol different list type unordered within ordered ol li Perl Advantages ul li Interpreted li li Very compact code li li Good regular expression support li ul li FORTRAN Advantages li ol Here is how the text may appear in the browser Perl Topics 1 Strings 2 Arrays 3 Objects FORTRAN Topics 1 Perl Interpreted Very compact code Good regular expression support 2 FORTRAN Cascading style sheets can control the display of lists with respect to indenting margins marker type e g images for ul bullets and ordered list styles e g a b c I II III Definition lists A definition list is a special type of list used most often for glossaries or other word phrase pairs There are three XHTML elements used in definition lists dl definition list dt definition term and dd definition dl dt Associative array dt dd A list of items stored based on a key also called a hash table dd dt Parameters dt dd Variables provided as arguments to a function or subroutine dd dl Here is how the text may appear in the browser Associative array A list of items stored based on a key also called a hash table Parameters Variables provided as arguments to a function or subroutine It is not necessary for every definition term to have a definition dl dt Constant time dt dt O 1 dt dd Algorithms that have an efficiency that is not based on input size dd dt Linear time dt dt O n dt dd Algorithms that have an efficiency that is linear with respect to input size dd dl Here is how the text may appear in the browser Constant time O 1 Algorithms that have an efficiency that is not based on input size Linear time O n Algorithms that have an efficiency that is linear with respect to input size
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