GY111 Physical Geology Energy and Mineral Resources Resources Reserves Energy Mineral Resources educated guesses on remaining deposits Reserves proven by drilling and or geophysical prospecting Non renewable once used will not be replaced because of long generation cycle i e Petroleum Coal Ore Deposits U S Energy Consumption Exponential growth of demand matches population growth Global Energy Consumption India China are major consumers of developing countries Combustion Combustion oxidizes a chemical compound releasing energy By products include CO2 and H2O Example CH4 2 O2 CO2 2H2O Example 2H2 O2 2H2O Note that the only product is water Unfortunately coal and gasoline have other components N S that produce pollutants NO2 H2SO4 H2S etc Coal is by far the dirtiest fossil fuel methane the cleanest Potential Energy Resources Based on educated guesses Global Distribution of Petroleum Resources Middle East Dominates this Resource Decline of Petroleum as an Energy Resource US production peaked in 1970 s World production is peaking now 2006 Formation of Coal U S Coal Resources Traps for Oil Gas Resources Various types of traps for oil and natural gas Anticlinal Fault Stratigraphic Salt Dome Energy Fact Matrix Advantages Petroleum Coal Natural Gas Nuclear Proven tech easy transport Abundant in US 200 year supply Clean easy transport Proven tech very efficient no pollution 500 year supply from US reserves Disadvantages Decreasing supply pollutes Dirty difficult to transport Decreasing supply Radioactive waste Detrimental Effects of Fossil Fuel Consumption Disruption of environment from extraction Pollution Climate Change Over consumption of a non renewable resource Climate Change Potential Mineral Resources Non energy mineral resources are critical to modern technology The U S imports the majority of these resources Mineral resources are generally nonrenewable but they are often recyclable Many ore deposits are hydrothermal Ore deposit can be mined at a profit Mineral deposit cannot be mined at a profit Ore reserves accurate assessment of future production Ore resources rough estimate of future production Open Pit Mining Environmentally destructive Processes large volumes of low grade ore South Africa Mineral REsources By far the richest country in terms of mineral resources Many are in Precambrian shield regions Metallic Deposits Gold Platinum Chrome Silver Copper Non Metallic Resources Calcite Gem stones Asbestos Exam Review Know definitions of energy reserves resources nonrenewable etc Know ranking of future potential energy resources Know the ranking of the 2015 global energy consumers Be familiar with the various types of combustion reactions and the advantages disadvantages of each Be familiar with the global distribution of petroleum production Be familiar with the energy fact matrix Know examples of metallic versus non metallic mineral resources
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