I. Metabolism  combination of all an organism’s chemical processesa. Thousands of chemical reactions in the cellb. Coordinated and integrated with one anotherc. Organized into metabolic pathwaysII. Metabolic Pathways  ordered series of chemical reactions in which the product of one reaction becomes the reactant for the next reactiona. Considered a stepwise processb. Ex: A - reactant, B – product  B – reactant, C – product  C – reactant, D – productIII. Types of Pathwaysa. Catabolic pathways – pathways that release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simple moleculesi. Complex    simple (releases energy)b. Anabolic pathways – pathways that consume energy to build complex molecules starting with simple moleculesi. Simple    complexIV. Energya. Two forms:i. Kinetic  energy of motionii. Potential  energy of positionb. Can be changed from one form to anotheri. Ex: chemical potential energy in gasoline into kinetic energy to move pistons in a carc. Thermodynamics – study of energy transformationsi. 1st Law: energy can be transferred or transformed, but can not be created or destroyedii. 2nd Law: every energy transfer makes the universe more disorderedV. Energy with Chemical Reactionsa. Enthalpy – totally potential energy of a molecule = bond energyi. Each chemical reaction proceeds with a change in enthalpyii. Represented byiii. Reactant is changed into product in chemical reactionsiv. - values mean energy was releasedv. values mean that energy was absorbedb. Entropy – quantitative measure of disorderi. Increasing randomness increases entropyii. System may become more ordered, decreasing entropy, but only at the expense of the surroundingsiii. Entropy is represented byBIOL 1st Edition Lecture 9 Outline of Last Lecture I. Eukaryotic Cell ComponentsII. Plant Cells vs. Animal CellsIII. Helpful Diagrams IV. EXAM ON THURSDAY STUDY GUIDE IS ON GRADEBUDDY ALREADYOutline of Current Lecture I. MetabolismII. Metabolic PathwaysIII. Types of PathwaysIV. EnergyV. Energy with Chemical ReactionsCurrent LectureChapter 8 – MetabolismThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.I. Metabolism  combination of all an organism’s chemical processesa. Thousands of chemical reactions in the cellb. Coordinated and integrated with one anotherc. Organized into metabolic pathwaysII. Metabolic Pathways  ordered series of chemical reactions in which the product of one reaction becomes the reactant for the next reaction a. Considered a stepwise processb. Ex: A - reactant, B – product  B – reactant, C – product  C – reactant, D – productIII. Types of Pathwaysa. Catabolic pathways – pathways that release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simple moleculesi. Complex    simple (releases energy)b. Anabolic pathways – pathways that consume energy to build complex molecules starting with simple moleculesi. Simple    complexIV. Energya. Two forms:i. Kinetic  energy of motionii. Potential  energy of positionb. Can be changed from one form to anotheri. Ex: chemical potential energy in gasoline into kinetic energy to move pistons in a carc. Thermodynamics – study of energy transformationsi. 1st Law: energy can be transferred or transformed, but can not be created or destroyedii. 2nd Law: every energy transfer makes the universe more disorderedV. Energy with Chemical Reactionsa. Enthalpy – totally potential energy of a molecule = bond energyi. Each chemical reaction proceeds with a change in enthalpyii. Represented by ∆ Hiii. Reactant is changed into product in chemical reactionsiv. -∆ H values mean energy was releasedv.+∆ H values mean that energy was absorbedb. Entropy – quantitative measure of disorderi. Increasing randomness increases entropyii. System may become more ordered, decreasing entropy, but only at the expense of the surroundingsiii. Entropy is represented by ∆