Chapter 3General Theories of Operation Diagnosis, Maintenance, and Basic AdjustmentsOverviewReading AssignmentsTerms to KnowLecture Outline and NotesChapter 3 Answers to Review QuestionsShort Answer EssaysFill-in-the-BlanksMultiple ChoiceASE-Style Review QuestionsASE Challenge QuestionsChapter 3General Theories of Operation Diagnosis, Maintenance, and Basic AdjustmentsUpon completion and review of this chapter, the student should be able to:Classroom Manual Objectives- List the factors that determine when an automatic transmission will automatically shift.- Describe the four basic systems of all automatic transmissions.- Describe the operation and purpose of atorque converter.- Explain Pascal’s Law and how it applies to the operation of an automatic transmission.- Explain the basic operation of hydraulic machines.- Identify the major components in a transmission’s hydraulic circuit and describe how they provide fluid flow and pressurization.- List the various types of reaction members commonly used in automatic transmissions.- Describe the purpose of a transmission’s valve body.- List and describe the various load-sensing devices used in an automatic transmission's hydraulic system.- Describe the basic construction of automatic transmission housings, including the purpose of the various mechanical and electrical connections.Shop Manual Objectives- Listen to the driver’s complaint, road test the vehicle, and then determine the needed repairs.- Diagnose unusual fluid usage, level, and condition problems.- Replace automatic transmission fluid and filters.- Diagnose noise and vibration problems.- Diagnose electronic, mechanical, and vacuum control systems.- Inspect, replace, and align power train mounts. - Inspect, adjust, and replace vacuum modulator, lines, and hoses.- Diagnose mechanical and vacuum control systems; determine needed repairs.- Perform oil pressure tests; determine needed repair.- Inspect, adjust, and replace manual valve shift linkage.- Inspect, adjust, and replace cables or linkages for throttle valve (TV) kickdown and accelerator pedal.- Inspect and replace external seals and gaskets while the transmission is in the vehicle.- Inspect, repair, and replace extension housing.- Inspect and replace speedometer drive gear, driven gear, and retainers while the transmission is in the vehicle.- Inspect and replace parking pawl, shaft, spring, and retainer while the transmissionis in the vehicle.- Adjust bands.Instructor’s Guide to Accompany Today’s Technician: Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 3E 17OverviewThis chapter in both manuals covers the general theory of operation of an automatic transmission, discussing all the basic parts. The chapters also cover the method of identification, diagnostic procedures, and identification of the cause of oil leaks. They cover basic service and repair procedures.Reading AssignmentsClassroom Manual, pages 45-79Shop Manual, pages 71-112Terms to KnowAccumulatorAerationBelleville springCheck ball valvesDynamic pressureEngine vacuumFlow chartFlow-directing valvesGear-type pumpGovernorImpellerInput shaftKickdown Kickdown switch Manual shift valveMAP sensorMechanical advantageMLPModulator valveNeutral safety switchOrificeOutput shaftOxidationPoppet valvesPressure-regulating valvesReaction membersReverse stall testRotor-type pumpSeparator plateServoShift feelStatic pressureStatorTV linkageThrottle valveTorque converterTorque converter coverTransaxle Identification Number Transfer plateTurbineVacuum modulatorVane-type pumpVehicle speed sensorVFMWorkLecture Outline and NotesI. ObjectivesReview the chapter’s objectives.II. IntroductionDiscuss the many uses of the automatic transmission and transaxle.18 Instructor’s Guide to Accompany Today’s Technician: Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 3EIII. Basic Operation [Job Sheet 3]A. Describe the operation of the torque converter.B. Discuss the planetary gears and their operation.C. Briefly describe the hydraulic function and the valve body.D. Describe the electronic controls used in the late models.E. Briefly describe the Autostick transmission system.IV. IdentificationDiscuss how to identify a transmission or transaxle.V. DiagnosticsA. Customer’s Complaint1. Question the customer to determine what, how, when, and where the failure occurs.2. Test-drive the vehicle with the customer when possible.3. Ensure your terminology and the customer’s are the same.B. Fluid Checks1. Explain the purpose of checking fluids for condition and level.2. Identify the type of fluid that should be used.VI. Fluid LeaksDiscuss in general the method for checking for fluid leaks.A. Oil PanDiscuss how to find and service an oil pan leak.B. Torque ConverterDiscuss where a torque converter leak might show up on both rear-wheel and front-wheel drive vehicles.C. Cooler and Line InspectionDiscuss inspection techniques for the transmission cooler and cooler lines/hoses.D. Extension HousingDescribe the procedure for checking for a loose or worn bushing and seal.E. Rear Oil Seal and Bushing ReplacementDescribe the procedure for the replacement of oil seals and bushings.F. Speedometer DriveDiscuss how the seal or seals for speedometer connections and speed sensors are normally replaced.VII. Road Testing the VehicleA. Describe the method of road checking the transmission for problems.B. Describe the type of noises that might come from the transmission.C. Describe the operation of a vacuum modulator. Describe some shift problemsrelated directly to the modulator.Instructor’s Guide to Accompany Today’s Technician: Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 3E 19VIII. Planetary GearingA. Description1. Describe gear members.2. Describe the interaction between the members.B. Compound Planetary Gearsets1. Describe a compound gearset.2. Explain the increased number of gear ratios available.IX. Transmission ControlsDescribe how and why the transmission shifts gears according to the inputs it receives.X. Laws of HydraulicsA. Discuss Pascal’s Law for hydraulics.B. Discuss using fluid to transfer power and to lubricate.C. Describe the mechanical advantage of hydraulics.D. Discuss using hydraulics to achieve mechanical advantage.E. Describe the use of fluid in the transmission.F. Discuss the use of hydraulics to apply servos and clutches.XI. Application of Hydraulics in TransmissionsA. ATF1. Discuss the cooling, lubrication, and cleaning functions of ATF.2. Explain