Future of the California Condor (Gymnogyps californianus)OverviewHistory of CondorsCaptivityReintroduction in ArizonaProblems Facing SurvivalThe FutureQUESTIONS?SourcesFuture of the California Condor Future of the California Condor (Gymnogyps californianus) (Gymnogyps californianus) By: James NafseyBy: James NafseyOverviewOverviewHistory of CondorHistory of CondorCaptivityCaptivityReintroductionReintroductionProblems Facing SurvivalProblems Facing SurvivalThe FutureThe FutureHistory of CondorsHistory of CondorsCould be seen from along West CoastCould be seen from along West Coast–British Columbia to Baja CaliforniaBritish Columbia to Baja CaliforniaFew sitings in ArizonaFew sitings in ArizonaIn the 1950’s numbers reduces to under 200 In the 1950’s numbers reduces to under 200 wild (some reports as low as 23)wild (some reports as low as 23)CaptivityCaptivity•Late 1950’s – took birds into captivityLate 1950’s – took birds into captivity•1980’s - captive breeding began for 1980’s - captive breeding began for reintroductionreintroductionReintroduction in ArizonaReintroduction in ArizonaStarted in CaliforniaStarted in California1992 – First birds released in Arizona1992 – First birds released in Arizona–Grand Canyon and Vermilion CliffsGrand Canyon and Vermilion Cliffs1992-1997 – 45 birds released1992-1997 – 45 birds released–7 fatalities7 fatalities–11 required recapture11 required recaptureProblems Facing SurvivalProblems Facing SurvivalHabitatHabitatFood resourcesFood resourcesFixing Proximate cause but not Ultimate Fixing Proximate cause but not Ultimate causecauseLow nestling survivalLow nestling survivalThe FutureThe FutureIs there a future?Is there a future?Arizona’s approach – wait and seeArizona’s approach – wait and seeIn my opinion…… In my opinion……QUESTIONS?QUESTIONS?SourcesSourcesCohn, Jeffery P. "The Flight of the California Condor." Cohn, Jeffery P. "The Flight of the California Condor." BioscienceBioscience 43 (1993): 206-209. 43 (1993): 206-209. JSTORJSTOR. University of Arizona, . University of Arizona, Tucson. 12 Mar. 2008. Tucson. 12 Mar. 2008. Meretsky, Vicky J., Noel F. Snyder, Steven R. Beissinger, David A. Clendenen, and James W. Wiley. "Demography of Meretsky, Vicky J., Noel F. Snyder, Steven R. Beissinger, David A. Clendenen, and James W. Wiley. "Demography of the California Condor: Implication for Reestablishment." the California Condor: Implication for Reestablishment." Conservation BiologyConservation Biology 14 (2000): 957-967. 14 (2000): 957-967. JSTORJSTOR. University . University of Arizona, Tucson. 12 Mar. 2008. of Arizona, Tucson. 12 Mar. 2008. Mertz, David B. "The Mathematical Demography of the California Condor Population." Mertz, David B. "The Mathematical Demography of the California Condor Population." The American NaturalistThe American Naturalist 105 105 (1971): 437-453. (1971): 437-453. JSTORJSTOR. University of Arizona, Tucson. 12 Mar. 2008.. University of Arizona, Tucson. 12 Mar. 2008. Olson, Chad. "Grand Start in Grand Canyon." Olson, Chad. "Grand Start in Grand Canyon." Birder\\\'s WorldBirder\\\'s World 17 (2003): 18. 17 (2003): 18. EBSCOhostEBSCOhost. EBSCO. University of . EBSCO. University of Arizona, Tucson. 29 Mar. 2008. Arizona, Tucson. 29 Mar. 2008. Ralls, Katherine, and Jonathan D. Ballou. "Genetic Status and Management of California Condor." Ralls, Katherine, and Jonathan D. Ballou. "Genetic Status and Management of California Condor." The CondorThe Condor 106 106 (2004): 215-228. (2004): 215-228. JSTORJSTOR. University of Arizona, Tucson. 12 Mar. 2008. . University of Arizona, Tucson. 12 Mar. 2008. Stauble, Ann M. "California Condors Released in Arizona." Stauble, Ann M. "California Condors Released in Arizona." AnimalsAnimals 130 (1997): 15. 130 (1997): 15. EBSCOhostEBSCOhost. EBSCO. University . EBSCO. University of Arizona, Tucson. 29 Mar. 2008.of Arizona, Tucson. 29 Mar. 2008. Stoms, David M., Frank W. Davis, Chritopher B. Cogan, Marco O. Painho, Brean W. Duncan, Joseph Scepan, and Stoms, David M., Frank W. Davis, Chritopher B. Cogan, Marco O. Painho, Brean W. Duncan, Joseph Scepan, and Michael Scott. "Graphic Analysis of California Condor Sighting Data." Michael Scott. "Graphic Analysis of California Condor Sighting Data." Conservation BiologyConservation Biology 7 (1993): 148-159. 7 (1993): 148-159. JSTORJSTOR. University of Arizona, Tucson. 12 Mar. 2008. . University of Arizona, Tucson. 12 Mar. 2008. Wheelwright, Jeff, and Glenn Oakley. "Condors: Back From the Brink." Wheelwright, Jeff, and Glenn Oakley. "Condors: Back From the Brink." SmithsonianSmithsonian 28 (1997): 48-56. 28 (1997): 48-56. EBSCOhostEBSCOhost. . EBSCO. University of Arizona, Tucson. 29 Mar. 2008. EBSCO. University of Arizona, Tucson. 29 Mar.