TEL 317 1nd Edition Exam 1 Study Guide Lectures 1 10 Lecture 1 January 16th What is the definition of children Why study just kids mostly television A child is typically under the age of 18 For this class under the age of 13 because that s when children spend the most time with time Children are the future generation and they are very vulnerable The immediate impact on young kids they don t know any better In childhood that s when your habits and your thoughts about media begin to develop We will be studying mostly television because children spend more time watching TV than anything else What are the types of effects with children and the media Behavioral which is becoming aggressive or violent after watching something Attitudinal which would be when you watch a documentary and your attitude about the subject changes Cognitive Information Emotion which is fear to media experiences Health Lecture 2 January 23rd Describe the media use of children age 8 17 The average child spends 7 hours and 38 minutes with the media each day TV still dominates Kids are working overtime with media Only 16 minutes of time spent with the internet is for homework Describe how children might have too much access with the media Look at screens rather than the environment for stimulation Expect to be entertained rather than be entertained themselves Interacting with the family is boring so they need screen media to get through dinner Eating is something you do while you are doing something else Tend to eat more while in front of a screen For media companies there is a financial benefit to keeping children glued to screens They miss experiencing the feelings of curiosity Miss the sense s of mastery that comes from discovery and problem solving Miss opportunities to practice delayed gratification essential for any task that involves working toward a goal success at work saving for retirement Miss opportunities to generate play in and with their surrounding in unique ways Kids today rely on scripts instead Lecture 3 4 Jan 28th and Jan 30th What is the scientific perspective Characteristics of the perspective Systematic Rules for an experiment are going to be the same regardless of what your studying Replicable Someone else should be able to repeat your experiment and get the same results as you did Public Put findings out there and let other people them What are the different ways of generating knowledge Content Analysis used to describe media messages and study the content that people are using Also to make comparison It is systematic and replicable unobtrusive and easy to make comparisons Survey Used to describe characteristics of a population and to examine relationships between variables The advantages are that is representative and naturalistic but it cannot establish causations and cant prove that the media caused anything Experiment Used to isolate effects of specific variables and to establish causality What is Piaget s Theory and what are the stages of development It was his theory to explain how children adapt and interpret objects and events in the real world The first stage of development is the sensorimotor stage 0 2yrs This is when children motor skills and object permanence are development It is infants trying to make sense of their world through their motor skills and activities Preoperational is the second stage It consists of perceptual dependence centration egocentrism animism etc Third stage is the concrete operational middle school or a little before These children are less perceptually dependent they can infer that sometimes nice looking people are not nice and they are able to follow a plot line Formal operation is the next stage which concludes that after 13 years of age your brain is no different than a 50 year olds fully developed Lecture 5 6 Feb 4th and Feb 6th What are the developmental stages of attention Passive Includes infants This includes passive reception Visual attention is reactive stimulus change elicits attention Passive audience members let content wash right over them young children are not paying attention Active Preschollers Tweens Attention elicited by informative cues Comprehension is key Lecture 7 8 Feb 11th and Feb 13th What is the social learning theory Proposed by Albert bandura o Psych professor at Stanford Under what conditions do children imitate o What cause children to imitate one action but not another o How to get children to imitate desirable behaviors and avoid undesirable ones Operant Learning vs Social Learning o Operant Learning Learning through your own experience Ex Touching a hot stove burning don t touch again o Social Learning Learn by watching other peoples experiences Important model of reinforcement Bobo Doll Studies 1960s o Kids watch a model behave aggressively with the bobo doll o Some kids watched the model get rewarded and some got punished o Kids watched the model be aggressive and nothing happened What is Gerbner s Content Alalysis His definition of violence o overt expression of physical force with or without a weapon against self or other compelling action against one s will or pain of being hurt or killed or actually hurting or killing o An act of nature accident wasn t concerned on the intent of the harm o Findings o Childrens shows 90 contain violence 20 acts per hour Lectures 9 10 Feb 18th and Feb 20th What is social aggression Any behavior directed at damaging a persons self esteem or social standing Sometimes called indirect or relational aggression Commonly occurring even within peer groups especially girls Increases among girls as they mature Victims experience mental and emotional problems o In extreme cases has been implicated in suicide o Pheobe Prince o Ashlynn Connor What is the Mares et al Experiement Why did they do the study o They were looking at relationships between aggression and o Looked at Unfabulous and That s so Raven Hypotheses o Those who see the high conflict episodes will be more likely than those who see the low conflict episodes to Expect stereotypical groups expect more bullying have more negative feelings about middle school moderated by habitual viewing of these shows Procedure o Used 5th graders who were about to go into middle school