COMM 305 1st Edition Lecture 9 Outline of Last Lecture I. Theories of Discourse and InteractionII. Communication AccommodationOutline of Current Lecture I. Communication Accommodation (cont.)II. Culture and CommunicationCurrent Lecture- Communication Accommodation (cont.)o Pattern Distinctions (cont.) Unimodal vs. multimodal- Unimodal- only one aspect of our communication is growing moresimilar- Multimodal- more than one aspect of our communication growingmore similar- Typically convergence/divergence is multimodal Symmetrical vs. asymmetrical- Symmetrical- when both people are trying to become more similar- Asymmetrical- when you don’t see convergence between either person; or only one is trying to become more similar. Subjective vs. objective - Subjective- what people think happened, nonverbals that are understood by the parties involved; the subjective perceptions of the interaction has just as much if not more consequences for the evaluation of the interaction. It’s the subjective perceptions that determine how the event went, especially if you don’t remember what really happened. - Objective- what really happenedo Explanations of Convergence and Divergence Natural tendency to accommodate Attraction- we tend to converge towards people we’re attracted to Power/social status- we tend to converge towards people in higher powerThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Social identity- convergence and divergence are ways we can express a social identity (those aspects of self defined by some association we have)Theories of Discourse and Interaction- Culture and Communicationo Expectancies in part come from who the people are, the history they have, the background they share and our culture and the interactions we grew up with. o Emic vs. Etic Approaches Emic Approaches- try to explain communication as it happens (what is true of) in particular cultures, focused inside cultures. Etic Approaches- are interested in explaining what true about communication across cultures. General insights of how culture workso Complexities of Culture Cultures are nested within other cultures- American culture and middle class American culture is nested within that and white middle class American culture in nested within that etc. or Aggieland within Texas culture within American culture. Individuals can belong to more than one culture- Speech Codes Theoryo Speech Codes and Speech Communities Speech Code- A historically enacted, socially constructed system of terms,meanings, premises, and rules, pertaining to communication conduct (setof rules of what communication is in a certain culture; wherever there is aspeech community, there is a speech code) Speech Communities- can be broad, race, where you live etc, or small, knitting circles, high school friendso Six Propositions Wherever there is a distinctive culture, there is to be found a distinctive speech code. The jargon is different In any given speech community, multiple speech codes are deployed (ex: diglossia (a circumstance where 2 different languages coexist in a community; where individuals are bi/trilingual, one of the languages is used for everyday informal occasions, and another for formal occasions such as business) and code-switching (enacting another set of codes and rules)). In the same sense that we can belong to more than one culture, speech codes are monolithic, more than one are at play. (Ex: Haiti: Frenchfor formal and Creole for informal) A speech code involves a culturally distinctive ways of thinking of the self (psychology: how do I define myself), the community as a whole(sociology), and culturally distinctive ways of making arguments/constructing an appeal (rhetoric) The significance of speaking depends on the speech codes used by listeners to create and interpret their communication (we know what things mean based on our own speech codes) Speech codes must be discovered through observation of talk (speech codes are not just about the talk, but in order to understand it, you have to see people using the language so you can see the context and nonverbals interact) Speech codes guide and constrain behavior, but they don’t have deterministic force (they don’t have a specific code to them, no formula; speech codes don’t directly determistically cause