ISS 210 Section 003 Lecture 8 Outline of Last Lecture I Margret Mead Video Outline of Current Lecture I Margret Mead 1901 1978 II Derek Freeman III IV V VI Contributions Freud 1856 1939 Cultural Anthropology Franz Boas Patterns of Culture 1934 Current Lecture Margret Mead 1901 1978 1928 Coming of age in Sonoma when she goes off to do research comments that Boas had to go somewhere there is a mail delivery every two weeks Eastern Sonoma territory of the US She went there to look at the age of adolescence A time of turmoil She wanted to show the growing of adolescence in teenage girls in S were not worried about school sex or what their parents thought They were living an easygoing laid back life Not a troubled time compared to girls in the US o Samoan life calmness tranquility no violence o Well adjusted contented stable personality o She studied 53 teenage girls o Used interviews psychological tests and observations o Focus cultural influence in adolescence 1930 Growing up in New Guiny book about child training o Anthropology inculturation 1935 Sex and temperament in three primitive societies book that looked at the idea of men and women always have certain kids of traits and temperaments Challenged the idea that men are always more dominant more aggressive She found that in one group women were more dominant less submissive second group opposite and third group were equal Founder of applied anthropology use applied knowledge and apply it to problems in society These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Her interest expanded so she became involved with global issues gender studies womans rights Larger than life figure Derek Freeman After he got his PHD started to think more and more about Meads work By 1950 s and 60 s he started writing and arguing that everything she wrote was wrong He got access to police records in 1940 he finds that there is a lot of violence in Samoan society he also believed that the teenage girls had lied He was told o Mead had had an affair with a Somoan man o Has breakdown after he finds out Mead had had an affair many years earlier later dismiss this as being tired He tried to find those girls and talk to them but he couldn t find them In 1940 s he said actually sexual promiscuity is a bad things and it is punished He met with her in the 1960 s and started sending her chapters of the book he was writing challenging everything she was saying o They were going to have a debate Contributions Cultural influence on child training adolecense and gender roles Problem focused field research Comparative perspective Anthropology as a mirror for American society Applied social science Freud 1856 1939 Germany Austria France US 1910 psychoanalysis 1920 s Kardiner and Erikson early leaders in the psychoanalytic Cultural Anthropology Franz Boas Culture and personality Two students Mead and Benodict 1970 s whole new approach to anthropology and sociology left behind problems with culture and personality More involved with the full context of human society this became known as psychological anthropology Benidict Ruth 1887 1948 Patterns of Culture 1934 Cultural character data taken from study of social organization religion and other customs Contrast pueblo Indians Southwest plains Indians plains Pueblo Apollonian o Calm well balanced o Apollo got of light healing music poetry Plains Dionysian o Reckless uninhibited o Dionysus god of fertility wine drama Northwest coast megalomaniacs they would give away tons of things in order to gain a rich status like they have a lot New Guinea Dobu paranoid culture National character studies during world war II wanted to study the enemy Japan Germans After WWII soviets became new enemies started studying them Hypothesis way to understand Russian behavior had to look at child training practices o Russians raised infants and swaddled them Keep them wrapped up for long periods of time when they were released for a while they would wrap them up again Standard child training practice for Russians o If children are treated like this when they are young when they are older they will be concerned with politics then they will swing the other way be dangerous and unpredictable like when they were released By 1950 s early childhood trainings focused too much on childhood Creating general assumptions about societies that aren t necessarily linked or true Culture and personality studies started to die out o 1970 culture and personality studies were dead