COMM 1301 Exam 2 Review- Dr. Beth Olsen, UH Chapter 8-1. Concept of news?- News is a report on change that survives the competition for reporting other change that is occurring. What ends up being reported is the result of news judgments by reporters, editors and producers who package their regular updates on what they believe their audiences need and want to know. - Newsworthiness is what determines what makes it into the news package (helps to rank stories); timeliness, proximity (local news comes first), prominence, impact, conflict, human interest.2. Bennett News Model and its weaknesses?- Based on penny press publisher who competed with Benjamin day by creating a new way of news reporting. He wowed readers with compelling events and made the news get to the public faster. - Components: compelling events, deadline driven, objectivity, veiling the reporter.- Developed more sensationalistic news; featured a lot of crime and potentially more interesting to readers, introduced timeliness- only time to tell facts not details, created news beats- reporters assigned certain types of news so they became specialists. Drove consumers to the paper. News coming to people more quickly because of technology. Objectivity- stays on topic without 1st person opinion. Veiling the reporter- don’t really know who is writing the article (anonymous in a way)- Weaknesses: superficiality- don’t have time to get every detail, deadline haste- quick mass production can result in errors (printing news ahead of time “think politics”), dullness, missed trends- waiting on things to happen and not digging for stories, questions unasked- run out of time may be one sided on quotes and gatheredinfo, and manipulation- circulation battle3. Hutchins News Model?- Based on commission that henry loose paid for in 1940s (time/life mag); commissionstudied news and concluded that news media needed to provide more detail in the story to add value to facts (inject opinion); changing the news dynamics in Radio- inject emotion/personality into news, TV- hear and see reporter, but its format dictated shorter news story forced to use facts only (1min 30sec). Internet- wide opento providing opinion (unlimited space, no editors, or degree necessary), media literacy (in changes)- have a growing sophistication, can sort through facts from opinion, facts and context, and maybe even search for own context if it isn’t providedin brief story and you want to know more about it. 4. Journalists’ values?- Objectivity aside, reporters still have personal values.  Ethnocentrism: all about you; journalists all about America, view other countries through veil of ethnocentrism that U.S. is better.  Democracy and capitalism: favor US form of government and capitalism; may produce more stories of corruption in other countries governments.  Individualism tempered by moderation: you hear a lot of news stories celebrating the individual and the all of the odds the individual faces tosucceed (Olympic individuals stories); demonize people who fall in the middle (not over achiever nor under achiever) don’t want extremists. Social order: a lot of news is framed in a way that it’s supposed to show a return to social order (clean-up is underway, electricity is going to be back on); ultimate person to talk to restore social order is the president  Watchdog function: monitor performance of the government 5. Broadcast vs. print news holes?- Print news hole: amount of space you have for you news (where is goes); ads sold first then leaves room for news stories.- Broadcast news hole: time you would sell for commercial breaks (*more consistent news hole)- No news holes on internet (there can be popups) 6. Circulation battle of Yellow Press period/yellow journalism? (205-6)- 2 competing newspapers in penny press era (which then moved into yellow journalism); there was a newspaper called the yellow kid and it was significant because it’s the first time for news articles to be in color, one newspaper hired the cartoon artist from the other and it caused emotions to rise. Stories became more and more elaborate. Then one predicted the Spanish war, but nothing had happed yet and said you provide the pics and ill provide the story; meaning he would build it up and make people take sides (manipulation)- Yellow journalism: sensationalized news accounts7. Consensible news/herd journalism?- News organization second-guessing competition in deciding coverage- Journalism is a competitive business, and the drive to outdo other news organizationskeeps news publications and newscasts fresh with new material. Competition has an unglamorous side. Journalists constantly monitor each other to identify events that they missed and need to catch up on to be competitive. It is catch-up aspect of the news business contributes to similarities in coverage, which scholar Leon Sigal calls the consensible nature of news. It also is called “pack” and “herd” journalism. 8. Ongoing traditions from the Penny Press era?- Newspapers that were affordable for everyone- News stories appeal to mass audiences 9. Benjamin Day and penny press- Created the penny press; one cent newspaper; switched revenue model from subscribers to advertisers and it costs less so more people read it.10. Objectivity and its origins?- Objectivity: A concept in journalism that news should be gathered and told value-free (detached/neutral; no opinion, just facts)- A detached tone became a norm with the early Associated Press as a model. Several cost-conscious New York newspapers created the AP in 1848 as a joint venture to cover distant news and split the costs. Opinion was taken out of AP so that news stories could be used nationwide (neutral/not offend).11. Gatekeepers?- People who decide what makes news. 12. News as non-fiction?- Supposed to be true; some reporters have been known to fabricate sources and storiestrying to gain readers. Or more commonly, plagiarize an article and call it their own.13. Aggregation sites?- Gathers stories from around the internet (wide variety), local and international news, also known as a portal- gets all sorts of news stories all in one place.14. Muckraking?- Fanciful term for digging up dirt but that usually is used in a laudatory way for investigative journalism; aimed at public policy reform. 15. News alerts?- Email links to news from search engines on subjects that users request with key