University of Toronto Department of Computer Science Lecture 12 Modelling Enterprises Modeling business processes Why business processes Modelling concurrency and synchronization in business activities UML Activity Diagrams Modelling organisational intent i modelling language Modelling agents and the strategic dependencies between them Explaining these dependencies in terms of agents goals 2004 5 Steve Easterbrook This presentation is available free for non commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license 1 Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Business Processes Business Process Automation Leave existing business processes as they are Look for opportunities to automate parts of the process Can make an organisation more efficient has least impact on the business Business Process Improvement Make moderate changes to the way the organisation operates E g improve efficiency and or effectiveness of existing process Techniques Duration analysis activity based costing benchmarking Business Process Reengineering Fundamental change to the way the organisation operates Techniques Outcome analysis focus on the real outcome from the customer s perspective Technology analysis look for opportunities to exploit new technology Activity elimination consider each activity in turn as a candidate for elimination 2004 5 Steve Easterbrook This presentation is available free for non commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license 2 University of Toronto Department of Computer Science Modelling Business Processes Business processes involve Multiple actors people business units Concurrent activities Explicit synchronization points E g some task cannot start until several other concurrent tasks are complete End to end flow of activities Choice of modelling language UML Activity diagrams based on flowcharts and petri nets Not really object oriented poor fit with the rest of UML Business Process Modelling Notation BPMN New emerging standard loosely based on pi calculus 2004 5 Steve Easterbrook This presentation is available free for non commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license 3 Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Refresher Petri Nets Petri net syntax Places and transitions Tokens possibly coloured Before After 2004 5 Steve Easterbrook This presentation is available free for non commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license 4 Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Example 2004 5 Steve Easterbrook This presentation is available free for non commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license 5 Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Example Activity Diagram Receive Order each line for item on order failed Cancel Order Authorize Payment succeeded Check Line Item in stock Assign to Order need to reorder Dispatch Order Reorder Item 2004 5 Steve Easterbrook This presentation is available free for non commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license 6 Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Activity Diagram with Swimlanes Order Processing Finance Receive Order for each line item on order Check Line Item Authorize failed Payment succeeded in stock Cancel Order stock assigned to all line items and payment authorized Choose Outstanding Order Items Receive Supply for each chosen order item Assign to Order need to reorder Dispatch Order Stock Manager Reorder Item Assign Goods to Order all outstanding order items filled Add Remainder to Stock 2004 5 Steve Easterbrook This presentation is available free for non commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license 7 Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Business process modeling BPMN Source adapted from White 2005 New standard released in 2004 Adds many detailed modeling elements to basic activity diagrams 2004 5 Steve Easterbrook This presentation is available free for non commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license 8 Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Simple Example Source adapted from White 2005 2004 5 Steve Easterbrook This presentation is available free for non commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license 9 Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Elaborating BPMN models Source adapted from White 2005 2004 5 Steve Easterbrook This presentation is available free for non commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license 10 Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Events may change the flow Source adapted from White 2005 Events can interrupt activities Transactions have double borders Compensation events occur when the transaction doesn t complete Activity stops Flow proceeds from the event For example Activities can be transactions For example 2004 5 Steve Easterbrook This presentation is available free for non commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license 11 Department of Computer Science University of Toronto i Background Developed in the early 90 s provides a structure for asking why questions in RE models the organisational context for information systems based on the notion of an intentional actor Two parts to the model Strategic dependency model models relationships between the actors Strategic rationale model models concerns and interests of the actors Approach SD model shows dependencies between actors goal softgoal dependency an actor depends on another actor to attain a goal resource dependency an actor needs a resource from another actor task dependency an actor needs another actor to carry out a task SR model shows interactions between goals within each actor Shows task decompositions Shows means ends links between tasks and goals 2004 5 Steve Easterbrook This presentation is available free for non commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license 12 University of Toronto Department of Computer Science E g Strategic Dependency Model 2004 5 Steve Easterbrook This presentation is available free for non commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license This diagram 2001 Eric Yu 13 University of Toronto Department of Computer Science E g Strategic Rationale Model 2004 5 Steve Easterbrook This presentation is available free for non commercial use with attribution under a creative commons license This diagram 2001 Eric Yu 14 Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Summary Need to understand business
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