Chapter 4 Carbon Chemistry How does the electron configuration of carbon make it a useful building block Carbon has the ability to form 4 covalent bonds Diverse Arrangements possible Forms large complex molecules Hydrocarbon Hydrogen and Carbon only Combustible Hydrophilic Interact with water Hydrocarbons are always hydrophobic They do not want to interact with water Isomers Compounds with same of atoms but different arrangements thus different properties Learn about the 7 types of functional groups and the properties Hydroxyl OH A hydrogen atom is bonded to an oxygen atom which in turn is bonded to the carbon skeleton of the organic molecule Alcohols Hydroxyl groups are POLAR in many molecules Carbonyl C O Carbon atom joined to an oxygen atom by a double bond Electronegative Polar in SUGARS KetonesIf the bond is within the carbon skeleton Aldehydes If the bond is at the end of the carbon skeleton Carboxyl When an oxygen atom is double bonded to a carbon atom that is also bonded to an OH group Carboxylic Acid Acidic Properties Any substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration Amino Consists of two hydrogen atoms bonded to a nitrogen atom also bonded to the skeleton POLAR Considered Basic substance that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration Amines Amino Acids Sulfhydryl Sulfur atom bonded to an atom of hydrogen Important to protein structure Thiols Phosphate A phosphorus atom is bonded to four oxygen atoms one oxygen is bonded to the carbon skeleton two oxygens carry negative charges Very Polar In Nucleic Acids ATP Phospholipids Organic Phosphates Methyl Carbon bonded to three hydrogen atoms Methylated Compounds