GEOL 1425 1st Edition Lecture 4Outline of Last Lecture I. Earth as a systemII. Interior of earthIII. Plate tectonicsOutline of Current Lecture I. Plate TectonicsII. Atomic particlesIII. mineralsCurrent Lecture- Geology differs from physics, chemistry, biology, b/c it’s a historical science- Geology differs from history in that the same biological, chemical, and physical laws that are in place today are true throughout time and space.- Magnetic field of earth is caused by electrons moving in convecting liquid of outer core. - Magnetic field lines are preserved in rocks and lava,- At first, no one could figure out what drove the continents to move. Sea floor spreading helped to solidify the idea. - Heat energy is stored from atoms vibrating on molecular scale in rocks. - Energy transferred by vibrating photons. Photons: gamma ray, microwaves, infrared- Radiation from decaying isotopes in rocks helps produce heat. Heat from inner core causes liquid mantle and outer core to convect.- Convection moves hot material up and cold material down in a circular motion. On huge and massive scale, this forms the magnetic field.- Heat in earth interior comes from 3 sources. 1. Adiabatic heat=compression. 2. Changing liquid core to solid core gives off heat in process. 3. Radioactive decay.- Earth is a giant nuclear reactor, using radioactive isotopes or R, U, or plutonium- Mineral: chemical compounds, naturally occurring, solid crystalline atomic structure. These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Rocks aren’t minerals; just clusters of minerals- Ice is a mineral. Glass is not a mineral- Atom: proton/neutron in nucleus- Can distinguish 1 element from another by number of protons in nucleus. - Diamond=carbon structure by covalent sharing of electrons- 6000 different minerals - 40-50 are common. Diamond is rare.- Common minerals consist of O, Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, K- Chemicals are classified by chemical atomic structure, 7 main types- Silicates, oxides, sulfides, sulfates, carbonates, halides, natural element- Natural elements are a single element like