GEOL 1425 1st Edition Lecture 1Outline of Last Lecture I. SyllabusOutline of Current Lecture I. Overview of GeoscienceII. Types of scientist related to GeologyIII. Earth as a wholeIV. Earth systemsCurrent Lecture- Geoscience: planetary history. Built od concept of uniformitarianism.- Uniformitarianism first articulated by James Halton in 18th century. Modern version states that the physical, chemical, and biological laws and theories operating in the present govern past events and processes. - Geoscience is fundamentally historical. - Astromony: study of the universe- Atmospheric scientist: study weather process, climate, ozone, radiation- Geoscientist find jobs as engineers, bridge building, airports, dams, and highways.- Seismologist: earths interior. Earthquakes studied with sound waves.- Hydrologist: study precipitation, evaporation, storage- Oceanographers: currents, waves, chemistry of ocean, interaction with atmosphere, ocean floor, marine and biological systems.- Planetary Geologist: exploration of planets in and out of our solar system.- Eratosthenes: figured out that the earth was a circle because he noted that the sun came down on two separate cities at different angles. Using geometry he figured out theearth was a sphere and found the circumference. C= 40,075km- Density=mass/volume.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- The density of water is 1g/cm^3. Density of surface rocks= 2.5g/cm^3. Earth density=5.5g/cm^3. This difference implies the interior of the earth must have a density greater than surface rocks. The earth’s interior was then thought to have heavy metals such as iron and nickel in it.- Seismic waves can’t pass through liquid-helps to establish layered theory of earth. - 1/3rd of the earth is made up of the iron core. - The earth has 4 main systems: atmosphere, geosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere.- Atmosphere: gasses that surround planet- Geosphere: crust, mantle, inner/outer core.- Biosphere: life, plants, animals, and organisms.- Hydrosphere: water found within rivers, ground water, ice, snow, oceans, lakes, and vapor. - In any system there must be a reservoir and fluxes.- 3 types of systems: open, closed, and isolated.- Isolated systems only exist at the universal level. - An Open system is where both energy and matter cross boundary.- A Closed system is where only energy, not matter, crosses