BIOL 1441 1st Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture I Carbon II Carbon diversity III Functional groups Outline of Current Lecture I 4 main classes of molecules II Macromolecules III Carbohydrates a Monosaccharides b Disaccharides Current Lecture I II 4 Main Classes of Molecules a Carbohydrates b Lipids c Proteins d Nucleic Acids Macromolecules form polymers chains i Carbohydrates ii Proteins iii Nucleic acids iv NOT LIPIDS b Macromolecules Large molecules composed of thousands of covalently connected atoms i Polymers chain like molecules 1 Long molecules consisting of identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute III ii Monomer repeating unit building block iii Synthesis Breakdown of Polymers also happens for lipids 1 Each class different monomer 2 Build polymer dehydration rxn condensation rxn a Lose a H2O molecule 3 Break down polymer hydrolysis rxn a Add a H2O molecule iv Diversity of Polymers 1 Each cell has thousands of different macromolecules 2 An immense variety of polymers can be built from a small set of monomers a 26 letters in alphabet thousands of words b 20 amino acids thousands of proteins Carbohydrates a Sugars polymers of sugars b Monomer monosaccharide simple sugars sweet i Disaccharide 2 sugars ii Polysaccharide many sugars linked c Monosaccharide multiple unit of CH2O any ratio i Glucose C6H12O6 most common monosaccharide d Monosaccharides classified by i Location of carbonyl group ii Number of carbons in carbon skeleton e Monosaccharides i Location of the carbonyl group 1 Aldose aldehyde sugar a End carbonyl group b At end of skeleton ii Ketose ketone sugar 1 Middle carbonyl group 2 In the middle of the skeleton iii Structural Isomers 1 Glucose aldose 2 Fructose ketose iv Number of carbons in skeleton 1 3 7 carbons long a C7H14O7 biggest v Glucose energy 1 Monosaccharides major fuel for cells raw material for building molecules 2 Cellular respiration extract energy from glucose make ATP 3 Only energy that the brain processes 4 Your body doesn t excrete glucose a If in urine diabetes f Disaccharides i 2 monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic linkage 1 Covalent bond formed by a dehydration rxn 2 Lose a water building bigger ii Maltose 2 glucose molecules iii Sucrose glucose fructose table sugar iv Lactose glucose galactose milk
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