CEP 260 1nd EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lecture: 1 Lecture 1 (January 21)Introduction to StressWhat is stress? What characterizes it?Stress is any circumstances that threaten or are perceived to threaten one’s well-being and thereby tax one’s coping abilitiesStress is characterized as:- A common, everyday event- Subjective: not everyone feels the same amount of stress about the same event- Ambient stress: chronic stress due to the environment you’re in- Influenced by culture What are major sources of stress?- Acute stressors: threatening events that have a relatively short duration and a clear endpoint- Chronic stressors: threatening events that have a relatively long duration and no readily apparent time limit- Anticipatory stressors: upcoming or future events that are perceived to be threatening- Frustration: occurs in any situation in which the pursuit of some goal is thwarted- Internal conflict: occurs when two or more incompatible motivations or behavioral impulses compete for expression- Life changes: any noticeable alterations in one’s living circumstances that require readjustment- Pressure: involves expectations or demands that one behave in a certain wayHow do people respond to stress and what are the effects?- Emotional Responses1. Annoyance, anger, and rage2. Apprehension, anxiety, and fear3. Dejection, sadness, and grief- Physiological Response: Fight or flight- Behavioral Responses (coping)- Healthy (actively trying to solve a problem by asking for help or generating solutions) - Unhealthy (ignoring problem, indulging in alcohol, or excessive eating)Effects of stress:• Impaired task performance• Disruption of cognitive function• Burnout: a syndrome involving physical and emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and a lowered sense of self-efficacy that is attributable to work-related stress• Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): enduring psychological disturbance attributed to the experience of a major traumatic event• Psychological problems and