Amos Kendall: President Jackson’s “Thinking Machine”A member of Andrew Jackson’s “kitchen cabinet” Kendall as modern day PR person, filter between Jackson and the publicJackson was portrayed as a rugged frontiersman who worked for the peopleJackson’s word choice and way of speaking was often uncouth and so he dictated his ideas to Kendall, who made them more acceptableTeddy RooseveltChanged government through PROften used informal chats with reports to anonymously get his ideas into the pressAlways issues press releases on Sunday in order to capture Monday morning headlinesUnderstanding the importance of press and positive relationships with the pressHe created the first White House press office “Teddy and the bear”Roosevelt can’t shoot his own bear on hunting trip and choses not to kill a bear tied up by someone else, but his good relations with the press allowed the press to create cartoon in a positive manner, Teddy as a caring/humane man  TEDDYBEARWoodrow Wilson and George CreelWoodrow Wilson established the “Committee on Public Information” in 1917, George Creel served on itCommittee was charged with changing anti-war attitudesThe Creel Committee:Mailed out 5000 news releases, 20,000 columns of newsprint a week, sponsored 75,000 speakers in small towns of America, published daily with a circulation of 118,000, established a foreign language division that monitored foreign language newspapers and translated foreign documents, developed exhibits that traveled the country made the public become much more supportive of the war through these effortsCreel and his committee regulated the press to control war coverageHe asked that newspapers seek approval before printing news that he categorized as “dangerous”Wilson also hired Creel to sell war bonds, enlist soldiers, and raise millions of dollars for welfare through the Red Cross, resulting in fundraising becoming a successful element of PRAfter the war, an optimistic belief in the power of mass communication emergedFranklin D Roosevelt and Louis M.HoweFDR Used radio speeches to convey warmth, personality, and nonpartisanshipIntroduced and continued “fireside chats” on advice of pollstersLouis M. Howe  his PR advisor, controlled FDR’s imagesFranklin D Roosevelt and Carl ByoirImportant figure in the campaign to fight infantile paralysis put forth by RooseveltByoir designed fundraising events to make newsUsed Roosevelt’s birthdate as a night to have FDR Birthday Balls and raise money/awareness about infantile paralysisByoir personally called every newspaper publisher in US and asked to nominate a local FDR Birthday Ball chairmanJanuary 30 1934  first of many successful birthday balls“dance so that a child may walk” became the sloganthe event raised one million dollarsHarry Truman and Arthur PageArthur Page (VP of Marketing at AT&T) wrote Truman’s announcement to the world of the dropping of the atomic bomb on JapanThe announcement was originally tasked to William Laurence o NY Times but he struggled at properly capturing a Presidential voiceArthur Page: The Page Principles of PR ManagementTell the truth provide an accurate picture of company’s character and idealsProve it with action public perception determined by what you do, not sayListen to the customer stay on top of public wants/needs, keep top decision-makers/employees informed about public reaction to company products/policiesManage for tomorrow anticipate public reaction and eliminate practices that create difficulties, generate goodwillConduct PR as if the whole company depends on it corporate relations is a management function, no corporate strategy should be implemented without first considering public impactRealize a company’s true character is expressed by its people every employee, active or retired, is involved with PRRemain calm, patient, and good-humored cool heads communicate best during a crisisJim Hagerty: Advisor to Dwight EisenhowerJim Hagerty served as Press Secretary for the entirety of Eisenhower’s time as PresidentInstrumental in Eisenhower’s TV ads that depicted Eisenhower in a Q&A session with normal citizensEisenhower’s responses were actually taped separatelyEisenhower won over Stevenson, partly because he had much more money to spend on advertising/PRThe Growth of A Profession (Part 2)The growth of newspapers and the age of muckraking journalistsMuckrakers were named by Teddy Roosevelt after the character in the novel “Pilgrim’s Progress”This type of journalism became very popular as it:Generated public responseCreated follow-up work as subjects of investigation often responded to the journalist claimsThe Age of Muckracking JournalistsIda TarbellThis piece kicked off the era of muckracking journalism and using the press to expose wrongdoingsRevealed the unfair business practices of John D Rockefeller to squeeze out competitorsThe articles put Rockefeller on the defensive and he called in the help of Ivy LeeLincoln Steffens wrote a series titled “The Shame of the Cities”, which documented corrupt government practices in US citiesRay Stannard Baker wrote about labor problems, including child labor and the economic status of African AmericansUpton Sinclair wrote “The Jungle” in 1906Conveyed plight of immigrant workers in Chicago’s packing houses and documented unsanitary conditions withinLed to the passage of Pure Food and Drugs ActModern PRHenry Ford*Positioning: publicity always goes to those who do something first you want to be first getting your side out there, control the narrative*Accessibility: organizations must always be accessibly to the press; no subject was off limits with FordIvy Lee: The First PR CounselorGeorgia rootsFounded Parker and Lee in 1904“Declaration of Principles”  the birth of modern PRStandard Oil, JD Rockefeller, Colorado Miner’s StrikeDid PR for theseHis contributions:1. Promoting the idea that business and industry should align with public interests2. Ensuring the support of top management3. Maintaining open communication with journalists4. Humanizing business and making it relevant to workers, community, consumersEdward L Bernays: The Father of Modern PRA Broadway press agent before WWIJoined the Creel Commission during the WarOpened his agency with his wife Doris Fleishman in 1919The nephew of Sigmund Freud and a great believer in the use of psychology in forming public opinion1923: he published