“You’ll find that the only thing you can doeasily is be wrong,and that’s hardly worth the effort”Norton Juster The Phantom Tollboothi. Surface Ocean Circulationii.Deep Ocean CirculationOCNG 251: OceanographyOCNG 251: OceanographyTuesday,Tuesday, Oct. Oct. 2121stst, 2008, 2008Zonal Wind FlowHigh/Low Pressure systems: Wind generation by flow fromHigh to Low pressure systems (+ Coriolis effect)EasterliesWesterliesWesterliesEasterlies Ekman Transport2) Upwelling:If wind blows parallel to a shore in the proper direction ! Ekmantransport moves near-surface water offshore. Water must thenrise from below to compensate for seaward surface flow.Upwelling: BiogeochemistryUpwelling: Biogeochemistry 1) Ekman TransportUpwelling: Peru; California; Africa; Australia Deep water circulation: A model Caballing:When two watermasses merge, thecombination of theirtemperatures andsalinities results indensification !vertical advection ofwater High latitudes (>60ºN and S)! Deep water circulation: A modelDensity Structure of the Oceans: DepthThe Ocean can be divided into three structures:Surface layer; Pycnocline; Deep-layer.Density Structure of the Atlantic Ocean: A modelDensity Structure of the Pacific OceanDensity Structure of the Indian Ocean Grand scheme of things…! Deep water circulation:Density Structure of the Ocean: A “simple”modelWater convection: A “simple”modelDensity Structure of the Ocean: A “complex”model Grand scheme of things…! Surface circulation: Warm and cold currents! Balance of Earth Heat budgetNext time…1) Climate and Ocean Circulation2) Quiz (be
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