Instructor Myeshia C Babers Course ANTH 210 502 Term Fall 2013 Chapter 5 Notes 1 Chapter 5 Learning One s Culture A Socialization a A process similar to enculturation that emphasizes social rather than cultural actors in learning one s culture B The Process of Enculturation a Becoming a human being i When does human life begin ii Social birth iii Naming b Child Rearing i and ii iii and C Becoming a Human Being Social Birth a social recognition of the transition to personhood i Often marked by tituals ii Ex Ju hoansi and childbirth 1 Healers go into a trance called kia D Becoming a Human Being Naming a Links baby to process b Some Native American societies Instructor Myeshia C Babers Course ANTH 210 502 Term Fall 2013 Chapter 5 Notes i New names at various points of their lives E Child Rearing Practices a Methods used to take care of infants and young children F i Includes ii ways of feeding iii playing with iv carrying v sleeping arrangements Feeding and Weaning a Nursing and cultural variation b Marquesans example G Sleeping a Co sleeping and cultural differences b Study by Morelli et al 1992 c Contrast between American and Mayan practices H Informal and Formal Learning a Learning Skills and Values i Direct instruction ii Observation iii Folklore b Learning Behavioral Expectations Instructor Myeshia C Babers Course ANTH 210 502 Term Fall 2013 Chapter 5 Notes i observing elders in house ii and community I Folklore a Texts that relate traditional stories exploits of cultural heroes and characters handed down from generation to generation J Case Study a Language and social interaction in Japan i Omoiyari or empathy with others ii Prized in Japan K Informal and Formal Learning a Age and Gender Socialization i Age 1 restricted rights and limitations 2 or even to protect themselves from others L Informal and Formal Learning a Gender i Gender identity ii Gender identification 1 Naming M Informal and Formal Learning a Rites of Passage Instructor Myeshia C Babers Course ANTH 210 502 Term Fall 2013 Chapter 5 Notes i Initiation Rites N Rites of Passage a Rituals that mark culturally significant transitions throughout the life cycle including i birth ii puberty iii marriage iv and death O Initiation Rites a Rituals that mark a person s transition from childhood to adulthood b Example Kpelle of Liberia i Boys Poro ii Girls Sande P Schooling Case Study a The education of Aztec children b Calmecac As much psychological and religious as intellectual Q Psychological Anthropology a The study of the psychological motivations of behavior and personality types prevalent in a society R Psychological Anthropology a Culture and Personality Traits Instructor Myeshia C Babers Course ANTH 210 502 Term Fall 2013 Chapter 5 Notes i Naturalization ii Personality iii Cooperation and competition iv Public self and private self S naturalization a The process of learning values and behaviors so that they seem natural or part of one s nature rather than learned cultural behavior T Personality a A constellation of behavioral traits and dispositions i Some features of personality emerge at birth genetic ii Other features are acquired in the process of enculturation and psychological environmental U Cooperation and Competition a Cooperation and competition seen in all societies at some level b A need to encourage the development of cooperation and competition in particular situations among particular individuals c Example Zunis V Public Self and Private Self a public self The self that one projects in interactions with others i generalized view of the self b Private self One s inner s feelings and concepts of oneself Instructor Myeshia C Babers Course ANTH 210 502 Term Fall 2013 Chapter 5 Notes W Psychological Anthropology a Culture and Self Concept i Self concepts ii Independent self vs Interdependent self b Culture and Cognition i National character X Self Concepts a Attitudes that people hold about themselves Y Independent vs Interdependent Self Study by Markus and Kitayama 1991 a Independent self i Concepts of individuals as self contained independent agents with a focus on their own thoughts feelings and achievements b Interdependent self i Concepts of individuals as connected to others related to other people with a focus on group needs rather than individual inner feelings opinions and attitudes Z National Character a 1940s 1960s i A constellation of behaviors and attitudes thought to be characteristic of a model personality type prevalent in a particular country b Ruth Benedict Instructor Myeshia C Babers Course ANTH 210 502 Term Fall 2013 Chapter 5 Notes AA Deviance and Abnormal Behavior in Cross Cultural Perspectives a Responses to Mental Illness b Culture Specific Psychological Disorders i Latah ii Amok iii Windigo iv Pibloktoq BB Culture Specific Psychological Disorders a Psychological disorders that seem to occur with some frequency in certain cultures but are rare or absent in others b Example anorexia bulimia in the United States CC Responses to Mental Illness a Research comparing the ways that unusual or behavior is treated in diverse societies uncovers both similarities and differences in specific actions and reactions and underlying DD Latah a Found in some Southeast Asian North African and Siberian cultures b Manifested as a startle reaction involving trembling involuntary sudden movements and overreacting to the behavior of others c May lead to disorientation phobias extreme anxiety d May occasionally cause sufferers to exhibit aggressive even homicidal impulses Instructor Myeshia C Babers Course ANTH 210 502 Term Fall 2013 Chapter 5 Notes EE Amok a Found in Pacific Islands and in Indonesia b Manifested by intense outbursts of rage triggered by relatively simple frustrations c Episodes are often followed by amnesia d extreme cases might include generalized blind rage FF Windigo a Affects the Algonquian peoples of northern Canada b In Algonquian beliefs results from possession by a supernatural being c Victims manifest depression and anxiety prior episodes of spirit possession d Believed to lead to murder and cannibalism if left untreated GG Pibloktoq a Experienced by the Inuit in the Arctic b Manifested by convulsive fits sobbing and running around outdoors without adequate clothing c Pibloktoq occurs epidemically d Might be caused by physiological triggers or disturbances in seasonal rhythms at the end of winter