Instructor Myeshia C Babers Course ANTH 210 502 Term Fall 2013 Chapter 4 Notes 1 Chapter 4 Language and Culture A The Three Key Features of Language i Symbolism ii Displacement iii Productivity B Three Key Features of Language Table 4 1 p 70 C The Vocal Apparatus Figure 4 1 p 72 D The Components of Language i Phonology 1 Phonetics 2 Phonemics 3 Phoneme 4 5 ii Morphology 1 Morphemes E Phonology i The study of sound systems in language ii Includes phonetics and phonemics F Phonetics Page 1 of 7 Instructor Myeshia C Babers Course ANTH 210 502 Term Fall 2013 Chapter 4 Notes i Study of articulation and production of human speech sounds G Phonemics i Analysis of sounds to differentiate meaning of words H Phoneme i I Minimal unit of sound that differentiates meaning in a particular language Morphology i Study of 1 Internal structure of words and 2 Combination of meaningful units within words J Morpheme i A unit of sound and meaning either 1 A separate word or 2 A meaningful part of a word K The Components of Language i Syntax 1 subject 2 object 3 verb L The Components of Language i Semantics 1 Systems of meaning in launguage Page 2 of 7 Instructor Myeshia C Babers Course ANTH 210 502 Term Fall 2013 Chapter 4 Notes M Universal Grammar i Abstract rules underling the structure of phrases and sentences ii All languages iii An innate capacity of human thought N Nonverbal Communication i Emblems 1 Specific gestures with meanings ii Body Language 1 Posture stance proximity etc 2 Intercultural miscues O Linguistic Anthropology i Investigates connections among 1 language 2 culture 3 worldview P Linguistic Anthropology i The Sapir Whorf Hypothesis 1 Assertion that form and content of language influence speakers a behaviors b thought processes c worldview Page 3 of 7 Instructor Myeshia C Babers Course ANTH 210 502 Term Fall 2013 Chapter 4 Notes Q Linguistic Anthropology i Linguistic relativity 1 People perceive objects events and relationships in time and space 2 Based on grammatical forms provided by their language R Linguistic Anthropology i Language Culture and Society 1 Regions where native peoples no longer speak their ancestral language 2 Community members develop projects to prevent language loss 3 Recognition of language as an integral part of S Linguistic Anthropology i The Study of Language Speakers 1 Linguistic anthropologists study the demographics of specific languages T Linguistic Anthropology i The Study of Language Speakers 1 Within a nation region or geographic area 2 Includes a frequency b distribution Page 4 of 7 Instructor Myeshia C Babers Course ANTH 210 502 Term Fall 2013 Chapter 4 Notes c and range of languages and their variants within a nation U Linguistic Anthropology i Language and Dialects 1 Dialect ii Language and Gender Class and Race iii African American English V Dialect Map of American English Figure 4 2 p 79 W Ethnosemantics i people ii objects iii or forces X Componential Analysis i Technique of analyzing similarities and contrasts among words ii In a particular category iii Kinship terms or animal names Y Cultural Presuppositions i Shared knowledge ii unspoken assumptions iii People have as members of their culture Z Ethnography of Communication i AA Study of communication within a particular cultural context Ethnography of Communication Page 5 of 7 Instructor Myeshia C Babers Course ANTH 210 502 Term Fall 2013 Chapter 4 Notes i Considering such features as 1 setting 2 participants 3 attitudes and goals BB Processes of Language Change i Creoles Pidgins and Lingua Francas ii Historical Linguistics 1 Language family 2 Cognates CC Creoles i Languages that have historic roots ii As an amalgamation of vocabulary and grammar iii Derived from two or more two or more languages DD Pidgins i Rudimentary languages ii Have simplified grammar iii Limited vocabulary EE Lingua Francas i Languages used in particular areas ii By speakers of many different languages iii To communicate with each other FF Language Family Page 6 of 7 Instructor Myeshia C Babers Course ANTH 210 502 Term Fall 2013 Chapter 4 Notes i A group of languages that are 1 historically related descendants of a common ancestral form GG Cognates i Words in different languages that are 1 Derived from the derived word in their parent language HH Loanwords i Words borrowed from one language into another II Languages Other Than English Spoken in the United States Table 4 2 p 81 JJ Loanwords in English Table 4 3 p 89 KK Animal Terms in English Table 4 4 p 90 LL Loanwords from English Table 4 5 p 90 Page 7 of 7