1/06/2004 W04/Lecture 1 1Digital Image ProcessingECE 178Winter 2004B. S. MANJUNATHRM 3157 ENGR ITel:[email protected]://vision.ece.ucsb.edu/Manjunath1/06/2004 W04/Lecture 1 2On the WEBFor course information and slides and more:http://www.ece.ucsb.edu/Faculty/Manjunath/courses/ece178Teaching AssistantsEvan RuzenskySrivatsan PallavramChristopher Utley1/06/2004 W04/Lecture 1 3Today: Jan 06-2003 Course outline Requirements for the course Introduction to image processing Matlab basics and the image processingtoolbox1/06/2004 W04/Lecture 1 4About this course Prerequisites– Strong motivation, basic calculus– MATLAB is the programming environment, but no priorbackground in MATLAB is assumed. Who can take this course?– Juniors/Seniors/Graduate students inECE/CE/CS/ME/MATP/… Text Book:– Gonzalez and Woods, 2nd Edition (2002)– http://www.imageprocessingbook.com1/06/2004 W04/Lecture 1 5Grading H/W /Comp* 20% due by 11:59pm on the due date Project 20% Midterms 20% (two mid-terms) Finals 40%* All homeworks are required. A non-submission will affectyour grade non-linearly.1/06/2004 W04/Lecture 1 6Important Dates Mid-term I: Tuesday, February 3, 2004. Mid-Term II: Tuesday, February 24 (tentative) Final Examination: Friday, March 19, 8-11am (as per schedule)1/06/2004 W04/Lecture 1 7Why Image Processing? The future is multimedia informationprocessing…… Images (and video) are everywhere! Many and diverse applications– Astronomy, biology, geology, geography,medicine, law enforcement, defense, Industrialinspection,…– Different imaging modalities: visual, X-ray, ultra-sound, …1/06/2004 W04/Lecture 1 8Entertainment Digital camcorders HDTV DVDs: High quality image/video compression(MPEG-2: about 5-10 Million bits/second) Digital Cinema– New compression technologies are needed– Consider a 2 hour movie: 1920 x 1080 x 30bits/pixel x 24 frames/second ~~ 1.5 billionbits/second  1.3 terra bytes / 2 hr program1/06/2004 W04/Lecture 1 9Security Person Identification– Face recognition– Finger print identification Watermarking– Copyright protection and authentication Data hiding– Secret communication (Steganography)1/06/2004 W04/Lecture 1 10Some Applications X-ray imaging and radiology Computer Tomography[545x700 24-bit color JPEG, 69069bytes] Section through Visible HumanMale - head, including cerebellum,cerebral cortex, brainstem, nasal passages(from Head subset)http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/photos.html)1/06/2004 W04/Lecture 1 11An Ultrasound imageProfile of a fetus at four months. This face is approximately 1 _inches (4cm) long. (http://www.parenthood.com)1/06/2004 W04/Lecture 1 12Computer Tomography Generating 3-D images from 2-D slices. CAD, CAM applications Industrial inspectionsCT Scanner Picker PQ 6000 Model•GE Medical High Speed Advantagescanner•Picker PQ 60001/06/2004 W04/Lecture 1 13Image/video Processing Methods Image Enhancement Image Restoration Compression Image reconstruction Morphological image processing Feature extraction and recognitioncomputer vision1/06/2004 W04/Lecture 1 14Chapter 1: IntroductionChapter 1: Introduction1/06/2004 W04/Lecture 1 15Image EnhancementEnhancement: Improve the visual quality of the image.Eg. Noise removal using median filtering(from http://www.nist.gov/lispix/imlab/noise/shotfc.html)1/06/2004 W04/Lecture 1 16Image Restoration same as image enhancement, but you haveadditional information concerning the qualitydegradation. Example: removing motion blurin an image of a fast moving object. A page from Matlab examples or the matlabsite athttp://www.mathworks.com/products/demos/imagetlbx/examples/deblur/deblur.html1/06/2004 W04/Lecture 1 17IP methods (cont.) Reconstruction: reconstruction fromprojections. Used in constructing 3D datafrom 2D projections in computer tomography. Image representation using features– Low level representations using color, texture,shape, motion, etc.– High level features for recognitions; e.g., facialfeatures. Recognition and scene understanding1/06/2004 W04/Lecture 1 18Image Processing, Pattern Recognition, Graphics,and Computer Vision Image Processing– This is about image to image transformation(image coding, enhancement, restoration, etc.)ECE 178, ECE 278a. Computer Graphics: CS 180/280 Pattern Recognition: ECE 277b Computer Vision: ECE 181b/281b Multimedia computing: ECE 1601/06/2004 W04/Lecture 1 19Course Outline Introduction– Chapters 1-2 2-D Linear Systems– Class notes; Sampling andQuantization– Class notes; Ch 2.4 ImageEnhancement– Ch. 3, 4 Image and VideoCoding Projectpresentations1/06/2004 W04/Lecture 1 20Course Project Why project?– To learn more about applications of imageprocessing and get hands-on experience.– typically, the material (needed) is NOT covered inclass - thus requires independent study (tenweeks is too short to cover all interesting topics!.) Winter 2004: This quarter we will exploreSteganography1/06/2004 W04/Lecture 1 21Previous year projects JPEG 2000 Data hiding Streaming Video Image Mosaicing1/06/2004 W04/Lecture 1 22Image Compression using Wavelets What are wavelets? (we will learn more aboutthem later on..) Using wavelets for data compression– JPEG 2000 standard is based on wavelets– JPEG (original) is based on the Discrete CosineTransform—you will learn DCT basedcompression in our discussions on image coding.1/06/2004 W04/Lecture 1 23Data HidingDroeshout engraving of William Shakespeare (192x240)A text message (1535 bytes) Steganography is the art and science ofcommunicating in a way which hides the existenceof the communication. In contrast to cryptography,where the "enemy" is allowed to detect, interceptand modify messages without being able to violatecertain security premises guaranteed by acryptosystem, the goal of steganography is to hidemessages inside other "harmless" messages in away that does not allow any "enemy" to evendetect that there is a second secret messagepresent [Markus Kuhn 1995-07-03].1/06/2004 W04/Lecture 1 24Results of Embedding TextEmbedded imageRecovered message (loss-less) Steganography is the art and science ofcommunicating in a way which hides the existenceof the communication. In contrast to cryptography,where the "enemy" is allowed to detect, interceptand modify