Exam 1 – Practice QuestionsThis practice exam is NOT an exhaustive review of the material that will be covered on the exam. It is intended to supplement your studying.1. Research that is conducted to enhance our understanding of behavior without regard for the immediate application of this knowledge isa. descriptive researchb. applied researchc. basic researchd. empirical research2. Concluding that aliens have visited Earth on the basis of one person's report fails to support which criterion of science?a. empiricismb. public verifiabilityc. solvabilityd. statistical analysis3. Which of the following would be an operational definition of "anxiety"?a. a participant's score on an anxiety scaleb. a researcher's rating of how anxious a participant appearsc. a physiological measure of anxious arousald. all of the above are operational definitions of anxiety4. Null findings are results of a study thata. disconfirm the researcher’s hypothesisb. confirm a common sense hypothesisc. reveal no relationships among the variables being studiedd. are dismissed as invalid by the scientific community5. Statistics that are used to draw conclusions about the reliability and generalizability of one’s findings are calleda. the range and varianceb. descriptive statisticsc. effect sizesd. inferential statistics6. What is the range of these scores: 2,4,4,7,6,5,3,5,9,4?a. 10b. 7c. 2d. 497. Variance in a behavior that is related to variables that an investigator is investigating isa. systematic varianceb. standard variancec. error varianced. total variance8. An index of the strength of the relationship between variables is often called thea. meta-effectb. effect sizec. systematic varianced. proportion of yield9. The observation of behavior in settings that are arranged specifically for observing and recording behavior is called ________ observation.a. participantb. contrivedc. uncontaminatedd. naturalistic10. Why is the following question not a good one to use in an interview or on a questionnaire: How close do you feel to your mother and father?a. conditional information follows the key idea of the questionb. it is double-barreledc. the response format is inappropriated. it is not valid11. When self-report diaries are used in research,a. participants allow researchers to study their personal diaries and journalsb. researchers keep track of what their participants do each dayc. participants record information about their lives on a daily basisd. respondents observe and record information about their friends without their knowledge12. Acquiescence is to ________ as nay-saying is to _________.a. agreement; disagreementb. participation; nonparticipationc. desirable; undesirabled. observation; self-report13. Which of the following is not a means by which researchers disseminate their findings to other scientists?a. poster sessionsb. publication of articles in journalsc. informal contactd. peer review14. The brief summary that appears at the beginning of a research article is called thea. synopsisb. summaryc. overviewd. abstract15. Which measure of central tendency is not affected by outliers?a. meanb. rangec. mediand. none of the above16. A new area of research that is not guided by a hypothesis and relies of post hoc explanationsisa. exploratory researchb. basic researchc. evaluation researchd. applied research17. A set of procedures designed to convert textual information into numerical data to be analyzed is calleda. narrative recordingb. disguised measuresc. content analysisd. analytical methodology 18. When calculating variance, why do we square the deviations?a. it helps simplify the datab. it places the calculated values on the same scale as the standard deviationc. it helps strengthen the degree to which scores deviate from the meand. to eliminate negatives so the sum does not equal zero19. Disguised observations are used so that participantsa. do not know that researchers are observing their behaviorb. can intentionally change their behavior to different situationsc. see how other participants react to certain stimulid. can use reactivity20. What section of a manuscript reports the statistical analyses of the data collected in the study?a. discussionb. conclusionc. methodsd. results21. Which of the following is not a goal of psychological research?a. explaining behaviorb. observing behaviorc. describing behaviord. predicting behavior22. Which of the following sections is not a major part of a manuscript?a. abstractb. resultsc. introductiond. summary23. The hypothesis is either confirmed or disconfirmed in which part of the scientific method?a) Operationalizeb) Revise or Replicatec) Evaluated) Hypothesize24. The purpose of basic research isa) To find a solution for a specific problemb) To increase knowledge and understanding about a topicc) To find easy solutions to basic behavioral problemsd) To access effects of a program dealing with behavior25. What is the mean of these scores: 4, 1, 3, 5, 2a) 3.75b) 5c) 15d) 326. If there is 75% error variance, how much systematic variance would there be?a) 0%b) 25%c) 75%d) 20%27. Which is not a criteria of a hypothesisa) Can be proven or disprovenb) Is a prioric) Is a testable predictiond) All the above are true28. What would not be a good reference for a scientific publication you are writing?a) A blog you found that was written by your friendb) A thesis from a graduate student at WVUc) An interview with Dr. Shookd) A peer-reviewed article29. What are the three important parts of scientific writing?a) Organization, correctness, and clarityb) Organization, clarity, and concisenessc) Methods, clarity, and conclusiond) Introduction, body, and conclusion30. A wrong question to ask on a questionnaire would bea) Do you go to class and work while in college?b) Do you like Italian food, especially pizza?c) How often do you walk your dog?d) All are poorly worded questions31. Unobtrusive measures area) Measures that do not require surgery or medical proceduresb) Measures that can be taken without participants knowing that they are being studied.c) Measures that cannot be taken without approval from the subjectd) A type of behavior recordingShort AnswerDistinguish between induction and deduction.What is meta-analysis?What is archival research? Give three examples.Describe the purpose of the three types of psychological research.Describe the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics.List the pros and cons of interviews and